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Acoustic Situation Awareness and Its Effects on Pedestrian Safety Within a Virtual Environment
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2024-08-01
[PDF-948.32 KB]
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Edition:Final Report: Feb 2020 – Aug 2024
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Abstract:To evaluate the dangers of personal listening devices (PLD) and behavior while navigating crosswalks, 1274 pedestrians were naturalistically observed followed by a survey of 135 pedestrians, and two focus groups. Thereafter, an immersive 1:1 street crossing virtual reality (VR) testbed – based campus crossing environments – was used to investigate the effect of distraction on crossing performance and auditory situation awareness. Pedestrians traversed a simulated crosswalk while listening to music through air (AC) and bone (BC) conduction PLDs while detecting and localizing a bi-directional ambulance alert signal. Results show that: (1) societal distractions such as crossing in groups or talking within a group while crossing led to riskier behavior compared to technological distractors; (2) there is a consensus on hand gestures for pedestrian-driver communication; (3) the presence of a bus near the crosswalk and its idling engine significantly increased the time to cross and detect the alert signal; and (4) BC-PLDs playing non-lyrical music led to faster detection while listening to music at a low volume led to faster street crossings and faster detection. In conclusion, findings can serve as guidelines to develop external human-machine interfaces (eHMIs) for automated vehicles and appropriate countermeasures for reducing pedestrian distractions at campus crosswalks.
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