United States Department of Transportation
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Exploration of Factors Impacting the Successful Adoption of External Vehicle Interfaces
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2019-08-20
[PDF-444.13 KB]
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Edition:Year 25 Final Report
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Abstract:Researchers, auto manufacturers, technologists and governmental agencies have expressed concern that vehicle automation may necessitate the introduction of added displays to indicate vehicle intent in vehicle-to-pedestrian interactions. Displays of various types have been demonstrated on prototype systems with limited specification around the need of road users. In short, a number of foundational questions around the non-verbal communication of drivers and pedestrians need to be answered to best assess the need for new external vehicle interfaces and if so, how to develop interfaces that enhance communication. For instance, many people appear to believe that in traditional non-automated vehicle-to-pedestrian interactions, pedestrians make eye contact with drivers as a key part of their crossing decisions. However, the degree to which pedestrians can effectively interpret driver’s attentional orientation at the ranges needed to inform non-signaled crossing decisions is an open question. In essence, is seeing a driver or their eye orientation in approaching vehicle a critical signal? This research explored this question through a set of crowd-sourced experiments that considered through the use of high resolution static imagery and the ability to perceive a drivers’ presence in a car under different lighting conditions and ranges. Follow on efforts began to develop a deeper understanding of the role of kinematics (time to arrival) in crossing decisions. Paper 1: Eye Contact Between Pedestrians and Drivers. Paper 2: Dynamics of Pedestrian Crossing Decisions Based on Vehicle Trajectories in Large-Scale Simulated and Real-World Data. Paper 3: Hacking Nonverbal Communication Between Pedestrians and Vehicles in Virtual Reality.
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