Commercial aircraft crewmembers are one of the most occupationally exposed groups, receiving more ionizing radiation per annum than workers in many industries. Galactic cosmic radiation (GCR), which comes from outside our solar system, is the primary source of this radiation exposure. This radiation includes all atomic species as ions stripped of a
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The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) conducted traffic tests of full-scale flexible airport pavements at the National Airport Pavement Test Facility (NAPTF) as part of Construction Cycle 9 (CC9). Within CC9, the Flexible Pavement Overload Test was designed to develop International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) criteria for allowable overl
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United States. Department of Transportation. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. National Center for Statistics and Analysis
2026-04-01
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The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration works to reduce the occurrence of distracted driving and raise awareness of its dangers. This risky driving behavior poses a danger not only to vehicle occupants but pedestrians and pedalcyclists as well. Driver distraction is a specific type of driver inattention that occurs when drivers divert at
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This research builds upon previous FRA-funded studies using the LRAIL 3D laser triangulation scanning system and Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs) to identify track health attributes. The focus lies on developing technology-agnostic methodologies for processing LRAIL data, catering to diverse end-users in the railway sector. At the compone
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The objective of this project was to investigate the feasibility of Raman and fluorescence piezo-spectroscopy as a mobile method to measure the absolute stress in rail. This study identified Raman and fluorescence-sensitive oxides on the rail surface that can be used as an in-situ passive sensor for absolute stress measurement. From a series of mat
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Between April 2021 and April 2023, the Federal Railroad Administration sponsored a research team from The Pennsylvania State University to conduct a study on optimizing tamping maintenance. In this report, researchers examine the impact of various tamping parameters on railway ballast performance. Field tests were conducted on Norfolk Southern Rail
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United States. Department of Transportation. Bureau of Transportation Statistics
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2026-04-01
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Connected vehicle (CV) data are generated, collected, and transmitted by vehicles equipped with onboard systems and sensors that enable them to exchange data with other vehicles, infrastructure, cloud services, and mobile devices. These communications produce data with records of events that occur while the car is in use (e.g., tire pressure warnin
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The Superpave system for hot mix asphalt (HMA) design was introduced in 1995 and adopted throughout most of the USA by 2000. This system uses performance-oriented approach to materials selection and mix design, and takes into account the local environmental and traffic conditions. It recognizes that the behavior of HMA depends on the temperature, l
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The SUPERPAVE system introduced the concept of performance-based binder selection process, in which the binder is required to satisfy certain performance-based criteria within a temperature range of interest and traffic conditions that are specific to the pavement location. The temperature range of interest depends on the yearly maximum and minimum
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There is a need to clarify the wire flammability compliance requirements specified in the latest amendments of Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations and the Airworthiness Manual (CFR/AWM) for the detailed specification sheet MIL-W-22759/16. CFR requirements prescribe a 60 degree flammability test for the MIL-W-22759 specification sheet, while MIL-W-
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The main objective of this study was to develop maturity-based guidelines for early opening-to-traffic of concrete pavements in the state of Indiana. The scope of the research included characterization of flexural strength development with time, establishment of relationship between flexural strength and maturity, and determination of earliest open
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United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Highway Administration. Office of Safety
2024-02-06
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Railway crossings create potential conflict points between road users and trains. In 2022, 179 people were killed in a total of 1,753 incidents at public railway-highway crossings in the United States. The Railway-Highway Crossings Program (RHCP) —also called Section 130— helps improve safety by funding projects that eliminate hazards at railway-hi
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United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Highway Administration. Office of Safety
2024-01-18
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According to the most recent National Highway Traffic Safety Administration data, more than 19,000 fatal vehicle crashes involved a roadway departure in 2021. That's nearly half of all fatal crashes in the United States. In a roadway departure crash, a vehicle crosses the edge line or centerline, leaving the desired travel way. This type of crash o
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United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Highway Administration. Office of Safety
2024-01-18
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According to the most recent National Highway Traffic Safety Administration report, more than 10,423 people were killed in traffic crashes on locally or Tribally owned roadways in 2021. In addition to funding projects that implement countermeasures on local roads, the HSIP also supports local safety work by funding local road safety plans (LRSPs) a
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United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Highway Administration. Office of Safety
2024-02-05
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Serious injuries and fatalities among pedestrians and bicyclists have increased in recent years. According to the most recent National Highway Traffic Safety Administration report, 7,388 pedestrians and 966 bicyclists were killed in traffic crashes in 2021. Pedestrians and bicyclists are just two types of vulnerable road users (VRUs) — people who a
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United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Highway Administration. Office of Safety
2024-01-18
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In 2022, an estimated 42,795 people died in traffic crashes in the United States. That’s the equivalent of one person every 12 minutes. To address road safety challenges, the HSIP provided more than $3.1 billion in Federal funds to States in 2022. These funds improved highway safety on all public roads, including non-State-owned roads and roads on
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Drying shrinkage-induced cracking is a major concern for concrete bridge decks, compromising both durability and service life. This study, conducted for the Arkansas Department of Transportation (ARDOT), aimed to develop and evaluate low-shrinkage concrete mixtures using locally available aggregates. A literature review identified effective shrinka
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United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Highway Administration. Office of Safety
2024-11-26
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Funding is a crucial component of getting a safety project from idea to reality. Typically, the Federal share of a Federal-aid project is 80 or 90 percent; but even the remaining 10 or 20 percent can be difficult for agencies to fund, especially when local agencies are responsible for the match.1 Section 120(c)(1) of Title 23 of the United States C
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United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Highway Administration. Office of Safety
2024-11-22
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Some road users—such as pedestrians and bicyclists—are more susceptible to kinetic force because they lack the protection of a vehicle. HSIP can help support a Safe System and keep all public road users safe by funding improvements that enhance safety, visibility, and accessibility for vulnerable road users (VRUs), whether they travel by foot, bicy
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United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Highway Administration. Office of Safety
2024-11-22
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The Safe System Roadway Design Hierarchy characterizes engineering and infrastructure-based countermeasures and strategies relative to their alignment with the Safe System Approach. The Safe System Approach aims to design infrastructure that is forgiving to human mistakes and reduces crash severity if a crash occurs. The Safe System Roadway Design
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