Pedestrian-Vehicle Interaction in a CAV Environment: Explanatory Metrics
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2022-06-01
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Edition:Final Report 8/15/2017 -12/31/2020
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Abstract:A large number of crosswalks are indicated by pavement markings and signs but are not signal-controlled. In this study, such a location is called “semi-controlled”. In locations where such a crosswalk has moderate levels of pedestrian and vehicle traffic, pedestrians and motorists often engage in a non-verbal “negotiation” to determine who should proceed first. In this study, 3400 pedestrian-motorist non-verbal interactions at such semi-controlled crosswalks were recorded by video. The crosswalk locations observed during the study underwent a conversion from one-way operations in Spring 2017 to two-way operations in Spring 2018. This research explored the factors that could be associated with pedestrian crossing behavior and motorist likelihood of decelerating. A mixed-effects logit model and binary logistic regression were used to identify factors that influence the likelihood of pedestrian crossing under specific conditions. The complementary motorist models used generalized ordered logistic regression to identify factors that impact a driver’s likelihood of decelerating, which was found to be a more useful outcome compared to the likelihood of yielding to the pedestrian. The data showed that 56.5% of drivers slowed down or stopped for pedestrians on the one-way street. This value rose to 63.9% on the same street after it had been converted to 2-way operations. Moreover, the two-way operations eliminated the effect of the presence of other vehicles on driver behavior. The study also investigated the factors that could influence how long a pedestrian is likely to wait at a semi-controlled crosswalk. Two types of models were proposed to correlate pedestrian waiting time with a number of covariates. First, survival models were developed to analyze pedestrian wait time based on time-to-first-event analysis. Second, multi-state Markov models were introduced to correlate the dynamic process between recurrent events. By combining the time-to-first-event and recurrent events, the analysis addressed the drawbacks of each of the two methods. The findings from the before-and-after study can contribute to operational and control strategy development to improve levels of service at unsignalized crosswalks. The study results can contribute to policies and/or control strategies that will improve the efficiency of semi-controlled and similar crosswalks. This type of crosswalk is common, so the benefits of well-supported strategies could be substantial.
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