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FAA Fire Safety

rosaP Repository & Open Science Access Portal

FAA, Fire Safety. This collection contains reports and resources from the Federal Aviation Administration’s Fire Safety Branch research program. Bookmark this collection: https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/collection_fire_safety.

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0 of 232
Showing 1 - 20 of 218 results
  • Evaluation of Surrogate Liquid for FluorineFree Foam Concentrate in OutputBased Aircraft Rescue and Firefighting Vehicle Tests
    Evaluation of Surrogate Liquid for Fluorine-Free Foam Concentrate in Output-Based Aircraft Rescue and Firefighting Vehicle Tests
    Hartman, Sherman
    2026-08-01 | PDF
    Under Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 139, Certification of Airports, certificated airports are required to conduct output-based proportioning tests when using fluorine-free foams (F3s) to ensure their aircraft rescue and firefighting (ARFF) vehicle is in an operationally capable state. Output-based testing with F3 can be restricted by en ...
  • A State of Charge Analysis of Power Banks 385 Wh Shipped by Air
    A State of Charge Analysis of Power Banks (38.5 Wh) Shipped by Air
    Keslar, Daniel
    2025-10-01 | PDF
    UN 3480, lithium-ion batteries (batteries not packed with or contained in equipment) are forbidden on passenger carrying aircraft and cannot exceed a 30% state of charge (SoC) when transported on cargo aircraft. Lithium-ion power banks are included in this requirement. In December 2024, an undeclared package containing three lithium-ion power banks ...
  • Measuring the Fire Hazard of Aircraft Products in the Cone Calorimeter
    Measuring the Fire Hazard of Aircraft Products in the Cone Calorimeter
    Lyon, Richard E. ;
    Emami, Tina
    2025-10-01 | PDF
    A dimensionless group of reaction-to-fire properties called the product fire hazard Π is measured in one or more cone calorimeter experiments and describes the contribution of a combustible product-to-fire growth of materials used in buildings, construction, and passenger aircraft cabins. The product fire hazard Π is a sole explanatory variable for ...
  • Reproducing the Products of Flaming Combustion in the Microscale Combustion Calorimeter
    Reproducing the Products of Flaming Combustion in the Microscale Combustion Calorimeter
    Walters, Richard N. ;
    Speitel, Louise
    2025-08-01 | PDF
    The FAA microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC) operates by burning the evolved gases from a thermally degrading sample and measuring the oxygen consumption to calculate a heat release rate. Recent method developments using hyphenated MCC techniques enables measurements of the effect of vitiation on toxic combustion gas yields. Stoichiometric fuel ...
  • Advanced Early Fire Detection in Aircraft Cargo with MACD And Passive UHF RFID Temperature Sensing While Maintaining False Alarm Resistance
    Advanced Early Fire Detection in Aircraft Cargo with MACD And Passive UHF RFID Temperature Sensing While Maintaining False Alarm Resistance
    Karp, Matthew
    ORCID ICON IMG
    2025-04-01 | PDF
    This study introduces a novel approach to enhance fire protection in aircraft cargo compartments, motivated by the urgency to address catastrophic in-flight fires recorded between 2006 and 2011. The method uses ultra-high frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) temperature sensing tags and advanced algorithmic analysis to enhance fire ...
  • An Evaluation of Fire Containment Products for Inflight Fires Resulting from Portable Electronic Devices PEDs
    An Evaluation of Fire Containment Products for Inflight Fires Resulting from Portable Electronic Devices (PEDs)
    Keslar, Daniel ;
    Sica, Joe
    2024-12-01 | PDF
    The number of thermal runaway incidents from portable electronic devices (PEDs) in the aircraft cabin is growing at a notable rate. Recent data indicates that lithium battery incidents occur on average more than once per week on passenger aircraft. In response to this problem, many airlines have adopted the use of fire containment products as a mea ...
  • An Evaluation of Parameters Pertinent to Dry Ice Sublimation
    An Evaluation of Parameters Pertinent to Dry Ice Sublimation
    Anaya, Lindsey ;
    Keslar, Daniel
    2024-10-01 | PDF
    As a result of the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, over 12.7 billion vaccine doses were shipped and administered across 184 countries. Transportation via aircraft was a significant contributor in this effort. Many of the COVID-19 vaccines need to be stored at extremely low temperatures to maintain efficacy, therefore, dry ice has been used as a met ...
  • The Effect of Varying the Air Openings around the Sliding Platform in the Radiant Panel Insulation Test
    The Effect of Varying the Air Openings around the Sliding Platform in the Radiant Panel Insulation Test
    Rehn, Steven
    2024-10-01 | PDF
    A radiant panel insulation test round robin with 24 labs was conducted in 2015 and the test results varied considerably between labs. Dimension data about each apparatus was collected from each participating lab and the air openings around the sliding platform were identified as one possible cause of the test discrepancies. Preliminary studies were ...
  • Development of a Revised Test Method for Evaluating the Performance of Evacuation Slide Materials During Exposure to Radiant Heat
    Development of a Revised Test Method for Evaluating the Performance of Evacuation Slide Materials During Exposure to Radiant Heat
    Rehn, Steven ;
    Do, Dung
    2024-10-01 | PDF
    This report summarizes the research effort undertaken by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to develop an improved test methodology for determining the performance of aircraft evacuation slide materials when exposed to radiant heat. A laboratory-scale test method was previously developed by the FAA circa 1983, which used a pressurized cylind ...
  • A State of Charge Analysis of 12 Lithium Ion Batteries 128 Volt Previously Shipped on Aircraft
    A State of Charge Analysis of 12 Lithium Ion Batteries (12.8 Volt) Previously Shipped on Aircraft
    Keslar, Daniel
    2024-09-01 | PDF
    The transportation of lithium batteries is heavily regulated. UN 3480, lithium-ion batteries (batteries not packed with or contained within equipment) are forbidden on passenger aircraft and cannot exceed 30% state of charge (SoC) when transported on cargo aircraft. In March 2024, two packages containing lithium-ion cells (UN3480) started to smolde ...
  • Measuring the Fire Growth Potential of Combustible Solids Using a Cone Calorimeter Report
    Measuring the Fire Growth Potential of Combustible Solids Using a Cone Calorimeter [Report]
    Lyon, Richard E.
    2024-05-01 | PDF
    The fire growth rate of interior linings, furnishings, and construction materials is measured in full-scale fire tests such as the ASTM E84 Steiner Tunnel, the ISO 9705 room fire, and a passenger aircraft cabin as the flame spread rate, time-to-flashover, or time to incapacitation, respectively. The results are used to indicate the level of passive ...
  • Detection of Signatures from Internal Contaminant Sources Using Intelligent Algorithms
    Detection of Signatures from Internal Contaminant Sources Using Intelligent Algorithms
    Anthrathodiyil, Saleel
    2024-04-01 | PDF
    Electrical odors and smoke incidents in aviation have become a pressing concern, with over half of the detector activations resulting in false alarms, leading to uncertainties for flight crews. The escalating costs of diversions and growing awareness of associated health risks underscore the need for more reliable detection and discrimination from ...
  • Experimental Study of the Characteristics of a Hydrogen Flame from a Small Leak
    Experimental Study of the Characteristics of a Hydrogen Flame from a Small Leak
    Kurtanidze, John I
    2024-04-01 | PDF
    With a rising interest in hydrogen-fueled aircraft comes many design and safety concerns. There are many problems to be solved and safety standards and precautions established if aircrafts are going to be equipped with hydrogen. To that end, the objective of this project is to understand the fundamental characteristics of hydrogen flames. More spec ...
  • An Evaluation of the Flammability of 3D Printed Part Parameters Using the Vertical Bunsen Burner Test Method
    An Evaluation of the Flammability of 3D Printed Part Parameters Using the Vertical Bunsen Burner Test Method
    Keslar, Daniel ;
    Rehn, Steven
    2023-12-01 | PDF
    Additive manufacturing (AM), commonly referred to as three-dimensional (3D) printing, is a modern manufacturing technology that can be applied within many different areas of the aerospace industry due to its ability to produce light and durable parts with complex geometries. Aircraft manufacturers and airlines have expressed interest in the use of ...
  • Lithium Battery Detecting Canine Demonstration
    Lithium Battery Detecting Canine Demonstration
    Rehn, Steven
    2023-09-01 | PDF
    This report summarizes a short test conducted by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to determine the effectiveness of a trained canine to detect lithium batteries hidden inside of boxes. Fifteen identical cardboard boxes that either contained different types of lithium batteries, or were empty, were spread out around a building for the canin ...
  • Monitoring Smoke Emissions Using the Heat Release Rate Test Apparatus HR2
    Monitoring Smoke Emissions Using the Heat Release Rate Test Apparatus (HR2)
    Hahn, Francis ;
    Conover, Brian
    2023-08-01 | PDF
    A study was conducted to determine the feasibility of adding the capability of measuring material smoke emissions to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) rate of heat release test method, which is performed in a specially developed test device that is commonly referred to as the Heat Release Rate 2 Apparatus (HR2). A laser/sensor means of meas ...
  • Nitrous Oxide Enhanced Fires in an Aircraft Lower Deck Ld3 Sized Steel Test Chamber
    Nitrous Oxide Enhanced Fires in an Aircraft Lower Deck (Ld-3) Sized Steel Test Chamber
    Keslar, Daniel ;
    Marker, Timothy
    2023-07-01 | PDF
    The transport of oxidizers and compressed oxygen within aircraft is heavily regulated, largely as a result of the fatal 1996 ValuJet accident. Past Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) studies have found that released oxidizers can exacerbate burning within a halon-suppressed cargo compartment fire, potentially overwhelming the fire suppression sy ...
  • A State of Charge Analysis of Lithiumion Cells Shipped via Air
    A State of Charge Analysis of Lithium-ion Cells Shipped via Air
    Keslar, Daniel
    2023-03-01 | PDF
    A thermal event involving a package containing lithium-ion pouch cells occurred within a sorting facility of an all-cargo airline in December 2022. This package had been previously shipped via air and was being handled for delivery to its next destination. Following the incident, the package was sent to the William J. Hughes Technical Center for fu ...
  • Methods of Collection and Analysis of Acid Gases in Fire Tests
    Methods of Collection and Analysis of Acid Gases in Fire Tests
    Speitel, Louise ;
    Safronava, Natallia
    2022-12-01 | PDF
    This report documents proven methods of collection and analysis for acid gases in fire tests conducted at the FAA Technical Center. It focuses on methods of collection and analysis requiring trapping hot acid gases at the sampling point and avoiding errors due to sample line losses. The sampling system, collection tubes and procedures are described ...
  • Evaluation of VERDAGENT Against the FAA Minimum Performance Standard for Aircraft Cargo Compartment Halon Replacement Fire Suppression Systems
    Evaluation of VERDAGENT® Against the FAA Minimum Performance Standard for Aircraft Cargo Compartment Halon Replacement Fire Suppression Systems
    Dadia, Dhaval
    2022-09-01 | PDF
    Suitable alternatives to Halon 1301 are being sought throughout the aviation industry as a result of a worldwide agreement to ban the production and use of Halon 1301 due to the detrimental effects to the atmosphere. Fire extinguishing agents proposed for use in transport category airplane cargo compartments must demonstrate effective firefighting ...
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