By leveraging advanced technologies, Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) hold the potential to increase transportation safety and efficiency. This collection showcases USDOT-funded research and data concerning AVs. Bookmark this collection: https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/collection_avs OR https://doi.org/10.21949/1x81-qs91.
This research project is intended to track disruptive technologies impacting transportation including automated and connected vehicles, big data analytics, shared vehicles, electric vehicles and novel modes of transportation. The researchers follow industry and technology trends, synthesize research results from the full range of Carnegie Mellon Un
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Caldwell, S., & Hendrickson, C. T. (2020). Synthesis of Research Results and Technology Trends to Inform Policies for Smart Mobility of People and Goods Phase 2. Mobility21, Carnegie Mellon University. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/56093
Caldwell, Stan and Chris T. Hendrickson. Synthesis of Research Results and Technology Trends to Inform Policies for Smart Mobility of People and Goods Phase 2. Mobility21, Carnegie Mellon University, 2020. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/56093.
Caldwell, Stan, and Chris T. Hendrickson Synthesis of Research Results and Technology Trends to Inform Policies for Smart Mobility of People and Goods Phase 2. Mobility21, Carnegie Mellon University, 2020, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/56093.
A burgeoning field of research has begun to directly compare the impacts of pairing vehicle automation and connectivity to automation alone. While most recent impact studies that evaluate adaptive cruise control (ACC) and cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) rely on traffic simulation, the US Department of Transportation has recently conducte
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Eilbert, A., Chouinard, A. M., Tiernan, T., & Smith, S. B. (2020). Performance Comparisons of Cooperative and Adaptive Cruise Control Testing (Report No. Paper #781164). John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (U.S.). https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/49812
Eilbert, Andrew, Anne-Marie Chouinard, Tim Tiernan, and Scott B. Smith. Performance Comparisons of Cooperative and Adaptive Cruise Control Testing. Report no. Paper #781164. John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (U.S.), 2020. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/49812.
Eilbert, Andrew, et al. Performance Comparisons of Cooperative and Adaptive Cruise Control Testing. John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (U.S.), 2020, Report no. Paper #781164, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/49812.
This study evaluates the potential human health impacts from connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) scenarios in the San Francisco, Bay Area. The study concentrates on impacts derived from the effects of CAVs on travel demand, safety, and environmental emissions. The study combines an extensive literature review about the extent of such potential
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Jaller, M., Pourrahmani, E., Rodier, C., Maizlish, N., & Zhang, M. (2020). Active Transportation and Community Health Impacts of Automated Vehicle Scenarios: An Integration of the San Francisco Bay Area Activity Based Travel Demand Model and the Integrated Transport and Health Impacts Model (ITHIM). Cornell University. Center for Transportation, Environment, and Community Health. (CTECH). https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/56015
Jaller, Miguel, Elham Pourrahmani, Caroline Rodier, Neil Maizlish, and Michael Zhang. Active Transportation and Community Health Impacts of Automated Vehicle Scenarios: An Integration of the San Francisco Bay Area Activity Based Travel Demand Model and the Integrated Transport and Health Impacts Model (ITHIM). Cornell University. Center for Transportation, Environment, and Community Health. (CTECH), 2020. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/56015.
Jaller, Miguel, et al. Active Transportation and Community Health Impacts of Automated Vehicle Scenarios: An Integration of the San Francisco Bay Area Activity Based Travel Demand Model and the Integrated Transport and Health Impacts Model (ITHIM). Cornell University. Center for Transportation, Environment, and Community Health. (CTECH), 2020, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/56015.
The increasing number of senior drivers may introduce new road risks due to age-related declines in physical and cognitive abilities. Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) have been proposed as solutions to minimize age-related declines, thereby increasing both senior safety and mobility. This study examined factors that influence seniors’ atti
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Liang, D., Lau, N., Baker, S., & Antin, J. F. (2020). Examining Senior Drivers’ Attitudes Towards Advanced Driver Assistance Systems after Naturalistic Exposure (Report No. 04-103). Virginia Tech Transportation Institute. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/56075
Liang, Dan, Nathan Lau, Stephanie Baker, and Jonathan F Antin. Examining Senior Drivers’ Attitudes Towards Advanced Driver Assistance Systems after Naturalistic Exposure. Report no. 04-103. Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, 2020. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/56075.
Liang, Dan, et al. Examining Senior Drivers’ Attitudes Towards Advanced Driver Assistance Systems after Naturalistic Exposure. Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, 2020, Report no. 04-103, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/56075.
Autonomous vehicles (AVs) at varying market penetration rates will change traffic flow and highway performance. At AV market penetration rates of between 0 percent and 100 percent, human-driven vehicles (HVs) will be interacting with AVs. However, little is known about how HVs interact with AVs. Using the Oregon State University Driving Simulator,
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Wang, H., Hurwitz, D., Chand, C., Jashami, H., & Koll, C. (2020). Integrating Driving Simulator Experiment Data With a Multi-Agent Connected Automated Vehicles Simulation (MA-CAVs) Platform to Quantify Improved Capacity (Report No. 2018-S-OSU-4). Pacific Northwest Transportation Consortium (PacTrans) (UTC). https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/58625
Wang, Haizhong, David Hurwitz, Cadell Chand, Hisham Jashami, and Charles Koll. Integrating Driving Simulator Experiment Data With a Multi-Agent Connected Automated Vehicles Simulation (MA-CAVs) Platform to Quantify Improved Capacity. Report no. 2018-S-OSU-4. Pacific Northwest Transportation Consortium (PacTrans) (UTC), 2020. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/58625.
Wang, Haizhong, et al. Integrating Driving Simulator Experiment Data With a Multi-Agent Connected Automated Vehicles Simulation (MA-CAVs) Platform to Quantify Improved Capacity. Pacific Northwest Transportation Consortium (PacTrans) (UTC), 2020, Report no. 2018-S-OSU-4, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/58625.
Multiple studies have explored different forms of connected vehicle applications, such as queue warning and cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC), in standard wireless access in vehicular environments (WAVE), and dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) network environments. A major focus of the ongoing research is to consider a hybrid vehic
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DatasetSupporting Files
Martin, J. J., Comert, G., Kaur, M., & Alsuhaim, A. (2020). Uncertainty Quantification of Cyber Attacks on Connected Vehicles and Infrastructure (Part 1) [supporting datasets]. Center for Connected Multimodal Mobility, Clemson University. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/56256
Martin, James J, Gurcan Comert, Manveen Kaur, and Adil Alsuhaim. Uncertainty Quantification of Cyber Attacks on Connected Vehicles and Infrastructure (Part 1) [supporting datasets]. Center for Connected Multimodal Mobility, Clemson University, 2020. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/56256.
Martin, James J, et al. Uncertainty Quantification of Cyber Attacks on Connected Vehicles and Infrastructure (Part 1) [supporting datasets]. Center for Connected Multimodal Mobility, Clemson University, 2020, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/56256.
Over the next several decades, highly automated driving systems (HADS) will become increasingly common on our roads, greatly reducing traffic accidents and road congestion. However, for the foreseeable future, the human driver will be required to take control of a car when automation fails. Although the benefits to HADS implementation can be substa
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Miles, J., & Strybel, T. (2020). Evaluation of Autonomous Vehicles and Smart Technologies for Their Impact on Traffic Safety and Traffic Congestion [Research Brief]. Pacific Southwest Region 9 UTC, University of Southern California. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/68070
Miles, James and Thomas Strybel. Evaluation of Autonomous Vehicles and Smart Technologies for Their Impact on Traffic Safety and Traffic Congestion [Research Brief]. Pacific Southwest Region 9 UTC, University of Southern California, 2020. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/68070.
Miles, James, and Thomas Strybel Evaluation of Autonomous Vehicles and Smart Technologies for Their Impact on Traffic Safety and Traffic Congestion [Research Brief]. Pacific Southwest Region 9 UTC, University of Southern California, 2020, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/68070.
The potential for automated vehicles (AVs) to reduce parking in city centers has generated much excitement among urban planners. AVs could drop-off (DO) and pick-up (PU) passengers in areas where parking costs are high: personal AVs could return home or park in less expensive locations, and shared AVs could serve other passengers. Reduced on-street
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Zhang, M., Chai, H., Song, J., Jaller, M., & Rodier, C. (2020). The Impacts of Automated Vehicles on Center City Parking Demand (Report No. NCST-UCD-RR-20-17, UCD-ITS-RR-20-33). University of California, Davis. https://doi.org/10.7922/G2X928J1
Zhang, Michael, Huajun Chai, Jeffery Song, Miguel Jaller, and Caroline Rodier. The Impacts of Automated Vehicles on Center City Parking Demand. Report no. NCST-UCD-RR-20-17, UCD-ITS-RR-20-33. University of California, Davis, 2020. https://doi.org/10.7922/G2X928J1.
Zhang, Michael, et al. The Impacts of Automated Vehicles on Center City Parking Demand. University of California, Davis, 2020, Report no. NCST-UCD-RR-20-17, UCD-ITS-RR-20-33, ROSA P. https://doi.org/10.7922/G2X928J1.
Advances in transportation technology such as the advent of scooter and bikeshare systems (micromobility), ridehailing, and autonomous vehicles (AV’s) are beginning to have profound effects not only on how we live, move, and spend our time in cities, but also on urban form and development itself. These new technologies are changing the systems of t
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Schlossberg, M., & Brinton, H. (2020). Matching the Speed of Technology With the Speed of Local Government: Developing Codes and Policies Related to the Possible Impacts of New Mobility on Cities (Report No. NITC-RR-1216). National Institute for Transportation and Communities (NITC). https://dx.doi.org/10.15760/trec.251
Schlossberg, Marc and Heather Brinton. Matching the Speed of Technology With the Speed of Local Government: Developing Codes and Policies Related to the Possible Impacts of New Mobility on Cities. Report no. NITC-RR-1216. National Institute for Transportation and Communities (NITC), 2020. https://dx.doi.org/10.15760/trec.251.
Schlossberg, Marc, and Heather Brinton Matching the Speed of Technology With the Speed of Local Government: Developing Codes and Policies Related to the Possible Impacts of New Mobility on Cities. National Institute for Transportation and Communities (NITC), 2020, Report no. NITC-RR-1216, ROSA P. https://dx.doi.org/10.15760/trec.251.
The objective of this project was to explore how an autonomous vehicle identifies and safely responds to emergency vehicles using visual and other onboard sensors. Emergency vehicles can include police, fire, hospital and other responders’ vehicles. An autonomous vehicle in the presence of an emergency vehicle must have the ability to accurately se
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Nayak, A., Rathinam, S., & Gopalswamy, S. (2020). Response of Autonomous Vehicles to Emergency Response Vehicles (RAVEV) (Report No. 03-051). Safety through Disruption (Safe-D) University Transportation Center (UTC). https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/64739
Nayak, Abhishek, Sivakumar Rathinam, and Swaminathan Gopalswamy. Response of Autonomous Vehicles to Emergency Response Vehicles (RAVEV). Report no. 03-051. Safety through Disruption (Safe-D) University Transportation Center (UTC), 2020. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/64739.
Nayak, Abhishek, et al. Response of Autonomous Vehicles to Emergency Response Vehicles (RAVEV). Safety through Disruption (Safe-D) University Transportation Center (UTC), 2020, Report no. 03-051, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/64739.
Multiple studies have explored different forms of connected vehicle applications, such as queue warning and cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC), in standard wireless access in vehicular environments (WAVE), and dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) network environments. A major focus of the ongoing research is to consider a hybrid vehic
...
Martin, J. J., Comert, G., Kaur, M., & Alsuhaim, A. (2020). Uncertainty Quantification of Cyber Attacks on Connected Vehicles and Infrastructure (Part 1). Center for Connected Multimodal Mobility, Clemson University. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/56057
Martin, James J, Gurcan Comert, Manveen Kaur, and Adil Alsuhaim. Uncertainty Quantification of Cyber Attacks on Connected Vehicles and Infrastructure (Part 1). Center for Connected Multimodal Mobility, Clemson University, 2020. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/56057.
Martin, James J, et al. Uncertainty Quantification of Cyber Attacks on Connected Vehicles and Infrastructure (Part 1). Center for Connected Multimodal Mobility, Clemson University, 2020, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/56057.
Most mid-size and large open-campus universities have courtesy shuttle or bus service as an important mode of transportation around campus and in nearby vicinities. Given on-campus traffic conditions, traffic congestion between classes, the nature of short-distance trips within or around campus, and difficulty with finding parking spaces, automated
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Lin, P. S., Kourtellis, A., Menon, N., Chen, C., & Rangaswamy, R. (2020). Campus Automated Shuttle Service Deployment Initiative (Report No. NCTR Livability PPPR #18). University of South Florida. Center for Urban Transportation Research. https://doi.org/10.5038/CUTR-NCTR-RR-2018-06
Lin, Pei-Sung, Achilleas Kourtellis, Nikhil Menon, Cong Chen, and Rakesh Rangaswamy. Campus Automated Shuttle Service Deployment Initiative. Report no. NCTR Livability PPPR #18. University of South Florida. Center for Urban Transportation Research, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5038/CUTR-NCTR-RR-2018-06.
Lin, Pei-Sung, et al. Campus Automated Shuttle Service Deployment Initiative. University of South Florida. Center for Urban Transportation Research, 2020, Report no. NCTR Livability PPPR #18, ROSA P. https://doi.org/10.5038/CUTR-NCTR-RR-2018-06.
The Federal Rail Administration (FRA) Highway-Rail Grade Crossing Inventory database from 2019 states that there are approximately 127,000 public, at-grade highway-rail grade crossings in the U.S. Despite this large number of direct intersections between the public highway and largely private rail systems, little current intelligent transport syste
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Morgan, C. A., Warner, J. E., Lee, D., & Florence, D. (2020). Identification of Railroad Requirements for the Future Automated and Connected Vehicle (AV/CV) Environment (Report No. 02-019). Safety through Disruption (Safe-D) University Transportation Center (UTC). https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/64573
Morgan, Curtis A., Jeffery E. Warner, Dahye Lee, and David Florence. Identification of Railroad Requirements for the Future Automated and Connected Vehicle (AV/CV) Environment. Report no. 02-019. Safety through Disruption (Safe-D) University Transportation Center (UTC), 2020. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/64573.
Morgan, Curtis A., et al. Identification of Railroad Requirements for the Future Automated and Connected Vehicle (AV/CV) Environment. Safety through Disruption (Safe-D) University Transportation Center (UTC), 2020, Report no. 02-019, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/64573.
The Urbanism Next Center at the University of Oregon, in partnership with Alta Planning + Design, Spirit for Change, and Metro hosted the Future of Public Spaces and Placemaking workshop on January 24th, 2020. This one-day workshop, supported by the Knight Foundation, brought together a wide range of community activists, government officials, polic
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University of Oregon, Knight Foundation, Alta Planning + Design, & Spirit for Change (2020). The Future of Public Spaces and Placemaking: June 2020 Summary of Findings from the Knight + Urbanism Next Portland Workshop. University of Oregon, Urbanism Next Center. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/60752
University of Oregon, Knight Foundation, Alta Planning + Design, and Spirit for Change. The Future of Public Spaces and Placemaking: June 2020 Summary of Findings from the Knight + Urbanism Next Portland Workshop. University of Oregon, Urbanism Next Center, 2020. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/60752.
University of Oregon, et al. The Future of Public Spaces and Placemaking: June 2020 Summary of Findings from the Knight + Urbanism Next Portland Workshop. University of Oregon, Urbanism Next Center, 2020, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/60752.
One of the biggest highly automated vehicle (HAV) market barriers may be a lack of user trust in the automated driving system itself. Research has shown that this lack of faith in the system primarily stems from a lack of system transparency while the vehicle is in motion—users are not informed how the car will react in an upcoming scenario—and not
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DatasetSupporting Files
Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, & Safety through Disruption (Safe-D) University Transportation Center (UTC) (2020). Assessing Alternative Approaches for Conveying Automated Vehicle ‘Intentions' [supporting datasets] (Report No. 03-082). Virginia Tech Transportation Institute. https://doi.org/10.15787/VTT1/Z5DZAJ
Virginia Tech Transportation Institute and Safety through Disruption (Safe-D) University Transportation Center (UTC). Assessing Alternative Approaches for Conveying Automated Vehicle ‘Intentions' [supporting datasets]. Report no. 03-082. Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, 2020. https://doi.org/10.15787/VTT1/Z5DZAJ.
Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, et al. Assessing Alternative Approaches for Conveying Automated Vehicle ‘Intentions' [supporting datasets]. Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, 2020, Report no. 03-082, ROSA P. https://doi.org/10.15787/VTT1/Z5DZAJ.
This document contains the final project report for the SAFER-SIM project titled “Physics-Based Sensor Models for Virtual Simulation of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles.” The report includes discussion of sensors models for simulation autonomous vehicles, and overviews the simulation framework developed in accordance with the project. The framewor
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Negrut, D., Serban, R., & Elmquist, A. (2020). Physics-Based Sensor Models for Virtual Simulation of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles. Safety Research Using Simulation (SAFER-SIM) University Transportation Center. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/60196
Negrut, Dan, Radu Serban, and Asher Elmquist. Physics-Based Sensor Models for Virtual Simulation of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles. Safety Research Using Simulation (SAFER-SIM) University Transportation Center, 2020. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/60196.
Negrut, Dan, et al. Physics-Based Sensor Models for Virtual Simulation of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles. Safety Research Using Simulation (SAFER-SIM) University Transportation Center, 2020, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/60196.
Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) are rapidly being introduced across automobile manufacturer lineups. These technologies have the potential to improve safety, but they also change the driver-vehicle relationship—as well as their respective roles and responsibilities. To maximize safety, it is important to understand how drivers’ knowledge
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DatasetSupporting Files
Gaspar, J. G., Carney, C., Shull, E., & Horrey, W. J. (2020). The Impact of Driver’s Mental Models of Advanced Vehicle Technologies on Safety and Performance [supporting datasets]. Safety Research Using Simulation (SAFER-SIM) University Transportation Center. https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/0CWLOZ
Gaspar, John G, Cher Carney, Emily Shull, and William J Horrey. The Impact of Driver’s Mental Models of Advanced Vehicle Technologies on Safety and Performance [supporting datasets]. Safety Research Using Simulation (SAFER-SIM) University Transportation Center, 2020. https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/0CWLOZ.
Gaspar, John G, et al. The Impact of Driver’s Mental Models of Advanced Vehicle Technologies on Safety and Performance [supporting datasets]. Safety Research Using Simulation (SAFER-SIM) University Transportation Center, 2020, ROSA P. https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/0CWLOZ.
One of the missions of C2SMART is to help cities around the country better understand the transferability of transportation technologies. For this purpose, two yearlong projects were initiated from 2018 – 2020 to initiate a new virtual test bed ecosystem: (1) 2018 – 2019: Phase I: Open Source Multi-Agent Virtual Simulation Testbed and (2) 2019 – 20
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Chow, J. Y. J., Ozbay, K., He, Y., Zhou, J., Lee, M., Wang, D., & Sha, D. (2020). Multi-agent Simulation-based Virtual Test Bed Ecosystem: MATSim- NYC. Connected Cities for Smart Mobility toward Accessible and Resilient Transportation Center (C2SMART). https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/59184
Chow, Joseph Y J, Kaan Ozbay, Yueshuai He, Jinkai Zhou, Mina Lee, Ding Wang, and Di Sha. Multi-agent Simulation-based Virtual Test Bed Ecosystem: MATSim- NYC. Connected Cities for Smart Mobility toward Accessible and Resilient Transportation Center (C2SMART), 2020. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/59184.
Chow, Joseph Y J, et al. Multi-agent Simulation-based Virtual Test Bed Ecosystem: MATSim- NYC. Connected Cities for Smart Mobility toward Accessible and Resilient Transportation Center (C2SMART), 2020, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/59184.
Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) are rapidly being introduced across automobile manufacturer lineups. These technologies have the potential to improve safety, but they also change the driver-vehicle relationship—as well as their respective roles and responsibilities. To maximize safety, it is important to understand how drivers’ knowledge
...
Gaspar, J. G., Carney, C., Shull, E., & Horrey, W. J. (2020). The Impact of Driver’s Mental Models of Advanced Vehicle Technologies on Safety and Performance. Safety Research Using Simulation (SAFER-SIM) University Transportation Center. https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/0CWLOZ
Gaspar, John G, Cher Carney, Emily Shull, and William J Horrey. The Impact of Driver’s Mental Models of Advanced Vehicle Technologies on Safety and Performance. Safety Research Using Simulation (SAFER-SIM) University Transportation Center, 2020. https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/0CWLOZ.
Gaspar, John G, et al. The Impact of Driver’s Mental Models of Advanced Vehicle Technologies on Safety and Performance. Safety Research Using Simulation (SAFER-SIM) University Transportation Center, 2020, ROSA P. https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/0CWLOZ.
There are many situations where tacit communication between drivers and pedestrians governs and enhances safety. The goal of this study was to formalize this communication and apply it to the driving strategy of an autonomous vehicle. Toward this, we performed a field study of the interaction between drivers and pedestrians. Vehicles were instrumen
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Gopalswamy, S., Saripalli, S., Shell, D., Hickman, J., & Hsu, Y. C. (2020). Formalizing Human Machine Communication in the Context of Autonomous Vehicles (Report No. 02-014). Safety through Disruption (Safe-D) University Transportation Center (UTC). https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/54935
Gopalswamy, Swaminathan, Srikanth Saripalli, Dylan Shell, Jeff Hickman, and Ya-Chuan Hsu. Formalizing Human Machine Communication in the Context of Autonomous Vehicles. Report no. 02-014. Safety through Disruption (Safe-D) University Transportation Center (UTC), 2020. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/54935.
Gopalswamy, Swaminathan, et al. Formalizing Human Machine Communication in the Context of Autonomous Vehicles. Safety through Disruption (Safe-D) University Transportation Center (UTC), 2020, Report no. 02-014, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/54935.
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