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Showing 201 - 220 of 617 results
  • 2020 Literature Review on Secondary Sonic Boom
    2020 Literature Review on Secondary Sonic Boom
    Sparrow, Victor W. ;
    Riegel, Kim
    2021-05-01 | PDF
    This Forum Acusticum paper provides a literature review regarding secondary sonic booms as of October 2020. It is hoped that this document will be useful for anyone studying secondary sonic booms in the future.
  • Farmer Interest In and Willingness To Grow Pennycress as an Energy Feedstock
    Farmer Interest In and Willingness To Grow Pennycress as an Energy Feedstock
    Zhou, Xia Vivian ;
    Jensen, Kimberly L
    2021-04-01 | PDF
    Pennycress can be used as a renewable biomass because its harvested seeds can be converted into biofuel, supplying, for example the aviation industry. Pennycress can be adopted as a winter cover crop to make extra profit in addition to summer cash crops. This study ascertains influences on row crop farmers’ interest in growing pennycress to supply ...
  • Assessing the Importance of Nonlinearity for Aircraft Emissions Impact on O and PM
    Assessing the Importance of Nonlinearity for Aircraft Emissions’ Impact on O₃ and PM₂.₅
    Arter, Calvin A ;
    Arunachalam, Saravanan
    2021-03-01 | PDF
    In this study the authors utilize the Decoupled Direct Method (HDDM-3D) as implemented in the Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQ) to calculate first and second order sensitivity coefficients of O₃ and PM₂.₅ concentrations with respect to aviation emissions during landing and takeoff (LTO) cycles at ten individual airports; five located in ...
  • The Utility of Genetic Risk Scores in Predicting the Onset of Stroke
    The Utility of Genetic Risk Scores in Predicting the Onset of Stroke
    Monroy Rios, Diana Judith ;
    Nicholson, Scott J.
    2021-03-01 | PDF
    Stroke is the fifth leading cause of death in the United States and the second leading cause of death worldwide, and is a primary cause of incapacitation. Known phenotypic risk factors for stroke include smoking, diabetes, hypertension, physical inactivity, atrial fibrillation, race, age, and sex. There has been progress in identifying genetic indi ...
  • Transcriptional Responses to AltitudeInduced Hypoxia in Bronchial Epithelium Bronchoalveolar Cells and Blood Differ Between Smokers and Nonsmokers
    Transcriptional Responses to Altitude-Induced Hypoxia in Bronchial Epithelium, Broncho-alveolar Cells, and Blood Differ Between Smokers and Nonsmokers
    Nicholson, Scott J. ;
    Munster, Susan K.
    2021-03-01 | PDF
    The hypoxic environment of an aircraft cabin may exacerbate underlying health conditions related to respiratory ailments, including those induced by smoking. In order to assay the differences between smokers and nonsmokers during flight, the authors analyzed the gene expression profiles of bronchial epithelium, alveolar cells, and blood in smokers ...
  • Fuel Properties of Pongamia Milletia pinnata Seeds and Pods Grown in Hawaii
    Fuel Properties of Pongamia (Milletia pinnata) Seeds and Pods Grown in Hawaii
    Fu, J ;
    Fu, Jinxia
    2021-03-01 | PDF
    Pongamia, a leguminous, oilseed-bearing tree, is a potential resource for renewable fuels in general and sustainable aviation fuel in particular. The present work characterizes physicochemical properties of reproductive materials (seeds and pods) from pongamia trees grown in different environments at five locations on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, US ...
    Supporting Files
  • Estimating Induced Land Use Change Emissions for Sustainable Aviation Biofuel Pathways
    Estimating Induced Land Use Change Emissions for Sustainable Aviation Biofuel Pathways
    Zhao, Xin ;
    Taheripour, Farzad
    2021-03-01 | PDF
    Sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) are expected to play an essential role in achieving the aviation industries' goal of carbon-neutral growth. However, producing biomass-based SAFs may induce changes in global land use and the associated carbon stock. The induced land use change (ILUC) emissions, as a part of the full life-cycle emissions for SAF pa ...
  • Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells Display Alterations in Chromatin Accessibility and Gene Expression According to Oxygen Availability
    Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells Display Alterations in Chromatin Accessibility and Gene Expression According to Oxygen Availability
    Nicholson, Scott J. ;
    Hutchings, David C.
    2021-03-01 | PDF
    Aircraft passengers and crew experience mild hypoxia during flight equivalent to an 8,000-ft elevation. Hypoxia is known to induce physiological and transcriptional changes that function together to permit normal cellular and tissue function at reduced oxygen (O2) levels. Short-term physiological responses include increased respiration and mild tac ...
  • Project 039 Naphthalene Removal Assessment
    Project 039 - Naphthalene Removal Assessment
    Barrett, Steven R.H. ;
    Speth, Raymond
    2021-02-28 | PDF
    The composition of aviation fuels affects the formation of pollutants that contribute to climate change and reduced air quality that leads to adverse health impacts including increased risk of premature mortality. The objective of this project was to assess the societal costs and benefits of removing naphthalenes from jet fuel produced in the Unite ...
  • Potential Impacts of Supersonic Aircraft Emissions on Ozone and Resulting Forcing on Climate An Update on Historical Analysis
    Potential Impacts of Supersonic Aircraft Emissions on Ozone and Resulting Forcing on Climate: An Update on Historical Analysis
    Zhang, Jun ;
    Wuebbles, Donald J.
    2021-02-01 | PDF
    Commercial aircraft flying at supersonic speeds in the lower stratosphere are being discussed once again after a hiatus of almost 20 years. Potential environmental effects from fleets of such aircraft need to be understood for their possible impacts on stratospheric ozone; levels of stratospheric ozone determine the amount of biologically harmful u ...
  • Reduced Order Modeling Methods for Aviation Noise Estimation
    Reduced Order Modeling Methods for Aviation Noise Estimation
    Behere, Ameya ;
    Rajaram, Dushhyanth
    2021-01-01 | PDF
    A key enabler for sustainable growth of aviation is the mitigation of adverse environmental effects. One area of concern is community noise exposure at large hub airports serving growing population centers. Traditionally, community noise exposure is computed using noise contours around airports, which requires knowledge of a large dataset pertainin ...
  • FAA Aerospace Forecast Fiscal Years 20212041
    FAA Aerospace Forecast: Fiscal Years 2021-2041
    United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Aviation Administration
    2021-01-01 | PDF
    The FAA Aerospace Forecasts are developed to support budget and planning needs of the FAA. The forecasts are developed using statistical models to explain and incorporate emerging trends of the different segments of the aviation industry.
  • Technological Progress in US Agriculture Implications for Biofuel Production
    Technological Progress in US Agriculture: Implications for Biofuel Production
    Taheripour, Farzad ;
    Scott, Don
    2021-01-01 | PDF
    This paper evaluates in a holistic way major trends in US production of food, feed, and biofuel commodities over the period 1961 to 2014. It is motivated by literature that examines parts of the changes but does not integrate them. We develop a comprehensive data set and then conduct analysis of the major trends that emerge. We identify eight major ...
  • Sustainable Aviation Fuel Prescreening Tools and Procedures
    Sustainable Aviation Fuel Prescreening Tools and Procedures
    Heyne, Joshua ;
    Rauch, Bastian
    2020-12-01 | PDF
    This paper outlines the benefits and procedures for prescreening Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) candidates before entering the official ASTM D4054 evaluation process. Specific properties are identified, that if not met, may result in extensive and costly efforts to correct if not recognized until later in the fuel development process. Hence, an ap ...
  • Project 029A National Jet Fuel Combustion Program Area 5 Atomization Test and Models Final Report
    Project 029(A) National Jet Fuel Combustion Program – Area #5: Atomization Test and Models Final Report
    Lucht, Robert P. ;
    Gore, Jay P.
    2020-12-01 | PDF
    The objectives of this project, as stated in the Invitation for ASCENT COE Notice of Intent (COE-2014-29), are to “measure the spray characteristics of the nozzles used in the Referee Combustor used in Area 6 tests and to develop models for characterizing the atomization and vaporization of the reference fuels.” We conducted experiments within the ...
  • Impact of Government Subsidies on a Cellulosic Biofuel Sector with Diverse Risk Preferences Toward Feedstock Uncertainty
    Impact of Government Subsidies on a Cellulosic Biofuel Sector with Diverse Risk Preferences Toward Feedstock Uncertainty
    Sharma, Bijay P ;
    Yu, T Edward
    2020-11-01 | PDF
    Investment risk and uncertainty about the availability of biomass feedstock hinders the development of a mature cellulosic biofuel sector. The Biomass Crop Assistance Program (BCAP) is a federal program designed to subsidize farmers to establish, produce and deliver biomass feedstock to biorefineries. This study evaluated the impacts of BCAP on the ...
    Supporting Files
  • Development of NAS Wide and Global Rapid Aviation Air Quality Tools - 20 [supporting datasets]
    Barrett, Steven R.H. ;
    Speth, Raymond
    2020-10-15 | PDF
    This dataset defines the uncertainty bounds for Tables SI.13-SI.18 in the paper, by including the full Monte Carlo simulation output data. A CSV file is provided for each column in Table SI.13 to Table SI.18 in the paper. The CSV files include the ordered members of the Monte Carlo simulation, for instance the first row of each CSV file corresponds ...
    Dataset Supporting Files
  • Outdoor Home Gardener Preferences for Environmental Attributes in Gardening Supplies and Use of Ecofriendly Gardening Practices
    Outdoor Home Gardener Preferences for Environmental Attributes in Gardening Supplies and Use of Ecofriendly Gardening Practices
    Thomas, McKenzie ;
    Jensen, Kimberly L
    2020-10-01 | PDF
    Home gardeners’ concerns for the environment are expressed both in the ecofriendly gardening practices they use and in environmental attributes they prefer in the gardening products they purchase. This study uses data from a 2018 survey of 601 Tennessee outdoor home gardeners and a multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) model to illustrate how ...
    Supporting Files
  • Development of NAS Wide and Global Rapid Aviation Air Quality Tools 20
    Development of NAS Wide and Global Rapid Aviation Air Quality Tools - 20
    Barrett, Steven R.H. ;
    Speth, Raymond
    2020-10-01 | PDF
    The project developed tools that enable rapid assessment of National Airspace System (NAS) wide and global impacts of aviation emissions on aviation-attributable particulate matter (PM), ozone, and resultant health outcomes for different policy scenarios. The adjoint method, which the tools are based on, provides a computationally efficient way of ...
  • ATC Signaling Systems A Review of the Literature on Alarms Alerts and Warnings
    ATC Signaling Systems: A Review of the Literature on Alarms, Alerts, and Warnings
    Ruskin, Keith J ;
    Rice, Stephen
    2020-09-01 | PDF
    The Federal Aviation Administration’s air traffic control organization encompasses a variety of facilities that include towers, terminal radar approach control facilities (TRACONs), and air route traffic control centers (ARTCCs). ATO facilities are dynamic environments that require rapid decision making to manage rapidly evolving situations. Contro ...
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