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Showing 181 - 200 of 596 results
  • Permuted Proper Orthogonal Decomposition for Analysis of Advecting Structures
    Permuted Proper Orthogonal Decomposition for Analysis of Advecting Structures
    Ek, Hanna ;
    Nair, Vedanth
    2021-10-01 | PDF
    Flow data are often decomposed using proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) of the space–time separated form, q′(x,t)=∑jaj(t)ϕj(x), which targets spatially correlated flow structures in an optimal manner. This paper analyses permuted POD (PPOD), which decomposes data as q′(x,t)=∑jaj(n)ϕj(s,t), where x=(s,n) is a general spatial coordinate system, s ...
  • A Handbook for Effective Signaling in Air Traffic Control Phase 2 Signaling Philosophy
    A Handbook for Effective Signaling in Air Traffic Control Phase 2: Signaling Philosophy
    Ruskin, Keith J ;
    Corvin, Chase
    2021-09-01 | PDF
    An air traffic control (ATC) facility is a dynamic, high-stress environment that requires that controllers rapidly detect problems and make time-critical decisions. Signals (alarms, alerts, and warnings) are essential for alerting controllers to potential collisions and other adverse events, but they can increase operators’ response times and decre ...
  • Development of a Fast Method to Analyze Patterns in Airport Noise
    Development of a Fast Method to Analyze Patterns in Airport Noise
    Jansson, Madeleine ;
    Hansman, R. John
    2021-09-01 | PDF
    Traditional airport noise modeling is limited in its ability to analyze large quantities of flight tracks due to high computation time. As a result, yearly noise reports are often limited to modeling flights from a single “representative day,” which lacks detail arising from the natural dispersion of flight tracks and variety in airport operations ...
  • Comparing Alternative Jet Fuel Dependencies Between Combustors of Different Size and Mixing Approaches
    Comparing Alternative Jet Fuel Dependencies Between Combustors of Different Size and Mixing Approaches
    Boehm, Randall C. ;
    Colborn , Jennifer G
    2021-08-01 | PDF
    Analyses used to reveal fuel dependencies on lean blow out and ignition at specific operating conditions in specific combustors show inconsistent trends with each other. Such variety is however consistent with the occurrence of transitions between the governing physical phenomena as the ratios between evaporation, mixing, or chemical time scales wi ...
  • Stratospheric Ozone and Climate Forcing Sensitivity to Cruise Altitudes for Fleets of Potential Supersonic Transport Aircraft
    Stratospheric Ozone and Climate Forcing Sensitivity to Cruise Altitudes for Fleets of Potential Supersonic Transport Aircraft
    Zhang, Jun ;
    Wuebbles, Donald J.
    2021-08-01 | PDF
    The possibility of commercial and business supersonic aircraft that fly in the lower stratosphere is being discussed and specific designs are under consideration. Emissions from supersonic transports have raised crucial environmental concerns regarding ozone and climate. The atmospheric response is sensitive to a range of factors regarding aircraft ...
  • Water Leaching for Improving Fuel Properties of Pongamia Pod Informing Process Design
    Water Leaching for Improving Fuel Properties of Pongamia Pod: Informing Process Design
    Fu, Jinxia ;
    Allen, Gabriel
    2021-08-01 | PDF
    Pongamia seedpods are recognized as a potential feedstock for sustainable aviation fuel production due to the relatively high oil content of the seeds. Pongamia pods are byproduct residues available after seed separation. Pods have high chlorine and potassium content that may be problematic in thermochemical energy conversion systems. Leaching expe ...
  • Sustainable Alternative Fuel Effects on Energy Consumption of Jet Engines
    Sustainable Alternative Fuel Effects on Energy Consumption of Jet Engines
    Boehm, Randall C. ;
    Scholla, Logan C
    2021-07-01 | PDF
    High thermal stability enables engine manufacturers to increase the reliance on fuel as a heat sink while reducing the reliance on air, which wastes the energy used to compress it or increases aircraft drag. While the direct impact of waste heat recovery can translate into an energy savings of 0.2% if the maximum fuel temperature limit is increased ...
  • Noise Model Validation using RealWorld Operations Data
    Noise Model Validation using RealWorld Operations Data
    Gabrielian, Ana ;
    Puranik, Tejas G
    2021-07-01 | PDF
    The mitigation of aviation environmental effects is one of the key enablers to sustainable aviation growth. In order to perform mitigation efforts, however, it is required that the effects themselves be modeled with a high level of accuracy. The Aviation Environmental Design Tool (AEDT) offers the capability to model aircraft performance, fuel burn ...
  • Consumer Preferences and Willingness to Pay for Potting Mix with Biocharan Energy Feedstock
    Consumer Preferences and Willingness to Pay for Potting Mix with Biocharan Energy Feedstock
    Thomas, McKenzie ;
    Jensen, Kimberly L
    2021-06-01 | PDF
    Biochar is a co-product of advanced biofuels production from feedstocks including food, agricultural, wood wastes, or dedicated energy crops. Markets for soil amendments using biochar are emerging, but little is known about consumer preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) for these products or the depth of the products’ market potential for this p ...
  • FAA Center of Excellence Alternative Jet Fuels Environment Annual Technical Report 2019 For the Period October 1 2019 September 30 2020
    FAA Center of Excellence Alternative Jet Fuels & Environment: Annual Technical Report 2019: For the Period October 1, 2019 - September 30, 2020
    ASCENT Aviation Sustainability Center
    2021-06-01 | PDF
    This report covers the period October 1, 2019 through September 30, 2020. The Center was established by the authority of FAA solicitation 13-C-AJFE-Solicitation. During that time the ASCENT team launched a new website, which can be viewed at ascent.aero. The next meeting will be held virtually April 27-29, 2021.
  • Block 2 Procedure Recommendations for Boston Logan Airport Community Noise Reduction
    Block 2 Procedure Recommendations for Boston Logan Airport Community Noise Reduction
    Hansman, R. John ;
    Salgueiro, Sandro
    2021-06-01 | PDF
    Recent developments in navigation and surveillance technology have enabled new high-precision departure and arrival procedures using GPS and Performance-Based Navigation (PBN) standards. These procedures have proven effective for reducing fuel consumption and streamlining some aspects of air traffic control. However, flight tracks that were previou ...
  • 2020 Literature Review on Secondary Sonic Boom
    2020 Literature Review on Secondary Sonic Boom
    Sparrow, Victor W. ;
    Riegel, Kim
    2021-05-01 | PDF
    This Forum Acusticum paper provides a literature review regarding secondary sonic booms as of October 2020. It is hoped that this document will be useful for anyone studying secondary sonic booms in the future.
  • Farmer Interest In and Willingness To Grow Pennycress as an Energy Feedstock
    Farmer Interest In and Willingness To Grow Pennycress as an Energy Feedstock
    Zhou, Xia Vivian ;
    Jensen, Kimberly L
    2021-04-01 | PDF
    Pennycress can be used as a renewable biomass because its harvested seeds can be converted into biofuel, supplying, for example the aviation industry. Pennycress can be adopted as a winter cover crop to make extra profit in addition to summer cash crops. This study ascertains influences on row crop farmers’ interest in growing pennycress to supply ...
  • Assessing the Importance of Nonlinearity for Aircraft Emissions Impact on O and PM
    Assessing the Importance of Nonlinearity for Aircraft Emissions’ Impact on O₃ and PM₂.₅
    Arter, Calvin A ;
    Arunachalam, Saravanan
    2021-03-01 | PDF
    In this study the authors utilize the Decoupled Direct Method (HDDM-3D) as implemented in the Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQ) to calculate first and second order sensitivity coefficients of O₃ and PM₂.₅ concentrations with respect to aviation emissions during landing and takeoff (LTO) cycles at ten individual airports; five located in ...
  • The Utility of Genetic Risk Scores in Predicting the Onset of Stroke
    The Utility of Genetic Risk Scores in Predicting the Onset of Stroke
    Monroy Rios, Diana Judith ;
    Nicholson, Scott J.
    2021-03-01 | PDF
    Stroke is the fifth leading cause of death in the United States and the second leading cause of death worldwide, and is a primary cause of incapacitation. Known phenotypic risk factors for stroke include smoking, diabetes, hypertension, physical inactivity, atrial fibrillation, race, age, and sex. There has been progress in identifying genetic indi ...
  • Transcriptional Responses to AltitudeInduced Hypoxia in Bronchial Epithelium Bronchoalveolar Cells and Blood Differ Between Smokers and Nonsmokers
    Transcriptional Responses to Altitude-Induced Hypoxia in Bronchial Epithelium, Broncho-alveolar Cells, and Blood Differ Between Smokers and Nonsmokers
    Nicholson, Scott J. ;
    Munster, Susan K.
    2021-03-01 | PDF
    The hypoxic environment of an aircraft cabin may exacerbate underlying health conditions related to respiratory ailments, including those induced by smoking. In order to assay the differences between smokers and nonsmokers during flight, the authors analyzed the gene expression profiles of bronchial epithelium, alveolar cells, and blood in smokers ...
  • Fuel Properties of Pongamia Milletia pinnata Seeds and Pods Grown in Hawaii
    Fuel Properties of Pongamia (Milletia pinnata) Seeds and Pods Grown in Hawaii
    Fu, J ;
    Fu, Jinxia
    2021-03-01 | PDF
    Pongamia, a leguminous, oilseed-bearing tree, is a potential resource for renewable fuels in general and sustainable aviation fuel in particular. The present work characterizes physicochemical properties of reproductive materials (seeds and pods) from pongamia trees grown in different environments at five locations on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, US ...
    Supporting Files
  • Estimating Induced Land Use Change Emissions for Sustainable Aviation Biofuel Pathways
    Estimating Induced Land Use Change Emissions for Sustainable Aviation Biofuel Pathways
    Zhao, Xin ;
    Taheripour, Farzad
    2021-03-01 | PDF
    Sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) are expected to play an essential role in achieving the aviation industries' goal of carbon-neutral growth. However, producing biomass-based SAFs may induce changes in global land use and the associated carbon stock. The induced land use change (ILUC) emissions, as a part of the full life-cycle emissions for SAF pa ...
  • Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells Display Alterations in Chromatin Accessibility and Gene Expression According to Oxygen Availability
    Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells Display Alterations in Chromatin Accessibility and Gene Expression According to Oxygen Availability
    Nicholson, Scott J. ;
    Hutchings, David C.
    2021-03-01 | PDF
    Aircraft passengers and crew experience mild hypoxia during flight equivalent to an 8,000-ft elevation. Hypoxia is known to induce physiological and transcriptional changes that function together to permit normal cellular and tissue function at reduced oxygen (O2) levels. Short-term physiological responses include increased respiration and mild tac ...
  • Project 039 Naphthalene Removal Assessment
    Project 039 - Naphthalene Removal Assessment
    Barrett, Steven R.H. ;
    Speth, Raymond
    2021-02-28 | PDF
    The composition of aviation fuels affects the formation of pollutants that contribute to climate change and reduced air quality that leads to adverse health impacts including increased risk of premature mortality. The objective of this project was to assess the societal costs and benefits of removing naphthalenes from jet fuel produced in the Unite ...
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