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NHTSA - Vehicle Safety Research

rosaP Repository & Open Science Access Portal

This collection features publications and reports from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's (NHTSA) Vehicle Safety Research program. Its mission is to strategize, plan, and execute research initiatives that advance the agency's core goal: reducing motor vehicle crashes, fatalities, and injuries. Resources in this collection reflect research prioritized for its potential to improve highway safety, ensuring direct alignment with Congressional mandates and broader Department of Transportation (DOT) and NHTSA objectives. For more information, visit the NHTSA Vehicle Safety Research page.

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Showing 1 - 20 of 248 results
  • Evaluation of Motorcycle Helmet Test Procedures
    Evaluation of Motorcycle Helmet Test Procedures
    Bendig, Colleen ;
    Wietholter, Kedryn
    2026-04-01 | PDF
    FMVSS No. 218, Motorcycle helmets, specifies minimum performance requirements for helmets used by motorcyclists and other motor vehicle users. FMVSS No. 218 has three performance test types that have remained largely unchanged since it was first published in 1973: an impact attenuation test, a penetration test, and a retention system test. In 2013 ...
  • UNECE Global Technical Regulation No 13 Fire and Closure Tests
    UNECE Global Technical Regulation No. 13 Fire and Closure Tests
    Caseres, Leonardo ;
    Manders, Jacqueline
    2026-02-01 | PDF
    This research evaluated the fire test and primary closure test procedures outlined in the draft United Nations Economic Council for Europe Global Technical Regulation GTR No. 13 and the revised NHTSA test methods, as opposed to examining individual specimens. This report is divided into two parts: Part 1 covers the fire tests where two series of te ...
  • Evaluation and Comparison of Glazing Performance in Impact Tests
    Evaluation and Comparison of Glazing Performance in Impact Tests
    Rains, Corinn ;
    Prasad, Aloke
    2026-02-01 | PDF
    FMVSS No. 205, Glazing materials, uses impact test methods specified in ANSI/SAE Z26.1-1996. NHTSA’s Vehicle Research and Test Center evaluated a subset of ANSI test methods including the 227-g ball, shot bag impact tests, fracture test on tempered glass, and the ball test and dart test on laminated glass. Other research studied potential changes t ...
  • An Evaluation of Light Vehicle Automatic Emergency Brake System Responses to 2Wheeled Road Users
    An Evaluation of Light Vehicle Automatic Emergency Brake System Responses to 2-Wheeled Road Users
    Forkenbrock, Garrick J. ;
    Neer, Arden
    2026-01-01 | PDF
    The research in this report used three test scenarios to evaluate the automatic emergency braking (AEB) performance of four light vehicles when presented with a test surrogate designed to emulate a bicyclist or motorcyclist as the principal target vehicle (POV). Two motorcycle and two bicycle test surrogates, and two lateral overlaps per POV type, ...
  • Early Detection of Thermal Runaway with Advanced Diagnostics
    Early Detection of Thermal Runaway with Advanced Diagnostics
    Torres-Castro, Loraine ;
    Bates, Alex M
    2026-01-01 | PDF
    This research investigated early detection of safety risks of Li-ion battery packs in electric/hybrid vehicles. Early detection technologies included rapid electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, sensing of volatile organic compounds, and H2 gas sensing technology. These sensors were used to monitor cells and packs for failure markers. This researc ...
  • SexBased Differences in Odds of Motor Vehicle Crash Injury Outcomes
    Sex-Based Differences in Odds of Motor Vehicle Crash Injury Outcomes
    Craig, Matthew J ;
    Atwood, Jonathan Richard Edward
    2026-01-01 | PDF
    Several studies have documented the relative risk or odds of injury and fatality for females versus males in motor vehicle crashes, but none have combined the National Automotive Sampling System–Crashworthiness Data System (NASS-CDS) and the Crash Investigation Sampling System (CISS). The study aimed to document the odds of various injury outcomes ...
  • Safety Implications of Potential Advanced Driver Assistance Systems Sensor Degradation
    Safety Implications of Potential Advanced Driver Assistance Systems Sensor Degradation
    Stowe, Loren ;
    Alcazar, Javier
    2025-12-01 | PDF
    The project examined the impact of degradations on advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) perception sensor performance. Sensor degradation refers to the gradual decline in a sensor’s performance over time, resulting in deviations from its nominal or expected output. The scope included permanent and semi-permanent cumulative degradations affectin ...
  • Vehicle Headlamp Aim Angle Test Procedure and Tolerance Research
    Vehicle Headlamp Aim Angle Test Procedure and Tolerance Research
    Voyzey, Nick ;
    Mazzae, Elizabeth N.
    2025-12-01 | PDF
    This report summarizes research conducted to support NHTSA’s response to requirements of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) of 2021 to amend Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 108 “to include performance-based standards for vehicle headlamp systems (A) to ensure that headlights are correctly aimed on the road; and (B) requirin ...
  • FMVSS Considerations for Vehicles with Automated Driving Systems Volume 4
    FMVSS Considerations for Vehicles with Automated Driving Systems: Volume 4
    Stowe, Loren ;
    Kizyma, David
    2025-12-01 | PDF
    This report, the fourth in the series, documents continuing work identifying unnecessary/unintended regulatory barriers to self-certification and compliance verification of innovative vehicle designs with automated driving systems that lack manually operated driving controls (steering wheel, brake pedal, etc.). It gives technical translation option ...
    Supporting Files
  • Pedestrian Test Mannequin Radar Crosssection Repeatability Evaluation
    Pedestrian Test Mannequin Radar Cross-section Repeatability Evaluation
    Rossman, Alexander ;
    Kearns, Liam
    2025-12-01 | PDF
    This report documents the repeatability of measuring the radar cross-section of two pedestrian mannequin test surrogates designed to emulate an adult and a child pedestrian. The test methodology discusses using two measurement procedures from the International Organization for Standardization surrogate devices that aided in the calibration offset c ...
  • Assessment of LightVehicle ADAS Crash Avoidance Technologies in Response to 2Wheeled Vehicles as Principal Other Vehicles
    Assessment of Light-Vehicle ADAS Crash Avoidance Technologies in Response to 2-Wheeled Vehicles as Principal Other Vehicles
    McDaniel, Marcus C. ;
    Ricketts, Blaine D.
    2025-10-01 | PDF
    This project examines the characterization testing of automatic emergency braking and blind spot intervention (BSI) system performance when encountering a 2-wheeled principal other vehicle (POV) in either a rear-end crash or lane change crash scenario. Tests conducted represented variations on the NHTSA crash imminent braking (CIB) and BSI test pro ...
  • Parametric Study of PreCrash Vehicle Maneuvers and Occupant Safety Performance Response
    Parametric Study of Pre-Crash Vehicle Maneuvers and Occupant Safety Performance Response
    Dahiya, Ankuj ;
    Meng, Yunzhu
    2025-10-01 | PDF
    This report addresses the influence of pre-crash vehicle maneuvers on the injury risks of front-passenger-seated occupants during a frontal crash. Seat position and occupant characteristics including anthropometry, sex, and age were included in the developed design of experiments.
  • Parametric Model for Simulating Occupant Responses During PreCrash Vehicle Maneuvers
    Parametric Model for Simulating Occupant Responses During Pre-Crash Vehicle Maneuvers
    Hu, Jingwen ;
    Lin, Yang-Shen
    2025-09-01 | PDF
    This study developed and demonstrated an efficient tool to accurately predict occupant pre-crash kinematics in response to different types of vehicle pre-crash maneuvers. A literature review revealed crash avoidance maneuvers come in three categories: braking, steering, and a combination of braking and steering, with braking being the most common m ...
  • Vehicle Automatic Lower Beam Activation System Test Procedure Development
    Vehicle Automatic Lower Beam Activation System Test Procedure Development
    Voyzey, Nick ;
    Mazzae, Elizabeth N.
    2025-09-01 | PDF
    This report describes the development and testing of a draft test procedure confirming the performance of vehicle automatic activation systems for lower beam headlamps (a.k.a. low-beam headlights) that turn the lamps on and off based on ambient light level. A valid laboratory-based method was developed for simulating ambient sunlight coming from a ...
  • Assessing the Effect of Test Target Offset on Forward Collision Warning and Automatic Braking Onset Timing
    Assessing the Effect of Test Target Offset on Forward Collision Warning and Automatic Braking Onset Timing
    Snyder, Andrew C. ;
    O’Harra, Bryan C
    2025-09-01 | PDF
    The report describes the forward collision warning (FCW) and subject vehicle (SV) braking onset. Three vehicles, a 2017 Mercedes E300, a 2018 Nissan Leaf, and a 2017 Volvo S90, were evaluated using the Global Vehicle Target Revision E in three rear-end crash scenarios: lead vehicle stopped, lead vehicle moving, and lead vehicle decelerating. The ve ...
  • Lower Beam Headlighting System Performance OnVehicle Test Procedure Examination
    Lower Beam Headlighting System Performance On-Vehicle Test Procedure Examination
    Voyzey, Nick ;
    Mazzae, Elizabeth N.
    2025-09-01 | PDF
    The 2021 Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act amended FMVSS No. 108 to include performance-based standards for vehicle lower beam headlighting systems to ensure they are correctly aimed and tested on vehicles to account for lamp height and lighting performance. This report summarizes an effort to develop a test procedure that assesses performance ...
  • Evaluation of FMVSS No 305a ElectricPowered Vehicles Water Exposure Safety
    Evaluation of FMVSS No. 305a Electric-Powered Vehicles: Water Exposure Safety
    Coffin, Tim ;
    Bendig, Colleen
    2025-07-01 | PDF
    A Notice of Proposed Rulemaking in April 2024 proposed to amend FMVSS No. 305 to include performance requirements and risk mitigation for the rechargeable electrical energy storage system (REESS), and set a level of REES protection against external fault inputs, ensuring REESS operations are within the manufacturer-specified functional range, and i ...
  • FMVSS Considerations for Vehicles with Automated Driving Systems Volume 3
    FMVSS Considerations for Vehicles with Automated Driving Systems: Volume 3
    Chaka, Michelle ;
    Stowe, Loren
    2025-07-01 | PDF
    The portion of the research project included in this report focuses on 28 Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS). It provides research findings, including the performance requirements and test procedures, in terms of options regarding technical translations, based on potential regulatory barriers identified for compliance verification of in ...
  • Evaluation of Tether Anchor Zones for FMVSS No 225
    Evaluation of Tether Anchor Zones for FMVSS No. 225
    Wietholter, Kedryn ;
    Smith, Joshua
    2025-07-01 | PDF
    FMVSS No. 225, Child restraint anchorage systems, requires that nearly all motor vehicles be equipped with Lower Anchors and Tethers for Children (LATCH). Tether anchors are located rearward from the child restraint system (CRS), often found on the back of the vehicle seat or rear package shelf. A Notice of Proposed Rulemaking was released in Janua ...
  • Evaluation of LATCH Usability Tools Update
    Evaluation of LATCH Usability Tools Update
    Louden, Allison E. ;
    Wietholter, Kedryn
    2025-07-01 | PDF
    In 2015 NHTSA published a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) for FMVSS No. 225, Child restraint anchorage systems, that proposed three new requirements for LATCH lower anchors in vehicles: a minimum clearance angle, a maximum attachment force, and a maximum depth of the anchor in the seat bight. These requirements were proposed to improve lower a ...
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