Comparative Analysis of Impedance and Gas Sensor Diagnostics for LFP/Graphite Cell Failures

Details

• Creators:
  Torres-Castro, Loraine ; Bates, Alex M ; Quintana, Genaro ; Gray, Lucas
• Corporate Creators:
  Sandia National Laboratories
• Corporate Contributors:
  United States. Department of Transportation. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
• Subject/TRT Terms:
  • Detection and identification
  • Lithium batteries
  • Electric batteries
  • Thermal properties
  • Diagnostic tests
  • Early detection
• Publication/ Report Number:
  DOT HS 813 817
• DOI:
  https://doi.org/10.21949/2ebz-fw17
• Resource Type:
  Tech Report
• Geographical Coverage:
  United States
• Edition:
  Final Report, November 2027 - September 2025
• Corporate Publisher:
  United States. Department of Transportation. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
• Abstract:
  This research investigated early detection of safety risks of lithium-ion battery packs in electric/hybrid vehicles, including rapid electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, sensing of volatile organic compounds, and hydrogen-gas-sensing technology. These sensors monitored four types of cells and packs for failure markers. It evaluated early detection methods during overtemperature and overcharge tests in Li-ion phosphate/graphite cells. The result showed that rapid electrochemical impedance spectroscopy consistently warned earlier for the overtemperature tests. For overcharge tests, volatile organic compound and H₂ gas sensors were more responsive, particularly in larger packs where venting occurred rapidly and before measurable impedance changes occurred.
• Format:
  PDF
• Funding:
  IAA
• Download URL:
  https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/92802/dot_92802_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 7.86 MB]
• Collection(s):
  NHTSA - Vehicle Safety Research
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:63fc467d507a9858e05292ac19a21c2d84a0976966b107f3bd5562bee5e51449f319e04cada10e63a11371027ee99b9646d60275ab7cc2bab67d690ce786b243