Epps, J. A., & Finn, F. N. (1980). Engineering Economy and Energy Considerations: Energy Requirements Associated with Pavement Construction, Rehabilitation and Maintenance (Report No. 214-19). Texas Transportation Institute. Texas A&M University. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/85368
Epps, J. A. and F. N. Finn. Engineering Economy and Energy Considerations: Energy Requirements Associated with Pavement Construction, Rehabilitation and Maintenance. Report no. 214-19. Texas Transportation Institute. Texas A&M University, 1980. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/85368.
Epps, J. A., and F. N. Finn Engineering Economy and Energy Considerations: Energy Requirements Associated with Pavement Construction, Rehabilitation and Maintenance. Texas Transportation Institute. Texas A&M University, 1980, Report no. 214-19, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/85368.
Estimates of the energy consumed for highway construction are of the order of 1.7 percent of the total annual U. S. energy demand while maintenance and rehabilitation operations are estimated to require an additional 1.5 to 2.0 percent. Information included in this report indicates that a reasonable energy estimate for routine pavement maintenance operations on our country's 3,800,000-mile highway system is 0.1 percent. Even with this relatively small percent of total energy consumption associated with highway construction and maintenance, it is none-the-less important that the engineer optimize these operations based on energy requirements just as he presently optimizes his operations based on cost. Information included in this report defines energy requirements for operations associated with pavement construction, rehabilitation and maintenance. These energy requirements are intended to be representative only. If energy requirements for these operations are available from the agencies' historical records, they should be substituted appropriately.
Epps, J. A., & Finn, F. N. (1980). Engineering Economy and Energy Considerations: Energy Requirements Associated with Pavement Construction, Rehabilitation and Maintenance (Report No. 214-19). Texas Transportation Institute. Texas A&M University. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/85368
Epps, J. A. and F. N. Finn. Engineering Economy and Energy Considerations: Energy Requirements Associated with Pavement Construction, Rehabilitation and Maintenance. Report no. 214-19. Texas Transportation Institute. Texas A&M University, 1980. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/85368.
Epps, J. A., and F. N. Finn Engineering Economy and Energy Considerations: Energy Requirements Associated with Pavement Construction, Rehabilitation and Maintenance. Texas Transportation Institute. Texas A&M University, 1980, Report no. 214-19, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/85368.
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