GPS/GNSS systems have been a very critical element to the operation of various modern vehicles as knowing the position of vehicles is very important for many reasons, such as the safety of the vehicles. As an example, the precise GNSS positioning requires receiving clear signals from many satellites over the sky for an automobile at any given location on the ground. Unfortunately, the urban environment in many major cities can cause degradation in GNSS position information due to blockage of the satellite signals and signal scatters from buildings.
The integrity of a PNT system can be monitored at three primary levels. The first one is the GPS/GNSS system level, which includes the signal structur...
Highly automated vehicles (HAV), whether ground, aerial, or maritime, rely on a steady stream of signals and information from external sources: signal...
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