United States Department of Transportation
i
Experimentation, Demonstration and Testing of PNT Related Threats, Risks, and Mitigations to HATS
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2023-10-30
[PDF-6.00 MB]
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Edition:Final Research Report
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Abstract:The integrity of a PNT system can be monitored at three primary levels. The first one is the GPS/GNSS system level, which includes the signal structure/authentication and signal power/diversity which is beyond the scope from a user perspective. The second, the GPS/GNSS receiver level is of high interest and techniques include antenna design, receiver integrity monitoring (RAIM/ARAIM), other algorithms to handle various integrity events. The third level, the PNT system level, which is primarily about sensor integration; mainly, considering non-RF sensors. The classical GNSS/IMU integration is the very foundation of most navigation systems, which has been gradually extended to incorporate data from other sensors, such as optical imagery (vision), LiDAR, Radar, etc. These environment-based approaches provide observations of natural and man-made structures. For example, surface undulation, texture, buildings, roads, etc., can be used to both local and global navigation. Similarly, the magnetic field or gravity of the Earth, and then infrastructures that are not designed for navigation can also provide data that can support both relative and absolute navigation. In this study, the focus is on some specific cases of the second and third monitoring levels; in particular, some new approaches applicable to the third level.
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