United States Department of Transportation
i
DataComm – Display Alternatives for the Flight Deck: Overview and Human Factors Recommendations Volume 1
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2013-02-28
[PDF-7.55 MB]
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Edition:Final Report
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Abstract:As DataComm is a key enabling technology that significantly affects human performance, human factors experts have anticipated potential implementation challenges (Cardosi, Lennertz and Donahoe (2010). One significant issue is that DataComm equipment may not be integrated with flight management systems (FMS). The crew will be required to read the DataComm messages, interpret them, make decisions with respect to the flight, and then make the appropriate FMS input. There will be challenges for the flight crew even when DataComm and FMS flight deck systems are fully integrated. For example, in Trajectory Based Operations (TBO), textual clearance displays that provide complex 4D trajectory information may be difficult for pilots to interpret in a timely and efficient manner without error. Current aircraft systems that have incorporated datalink to some extent have utilized text to provide clearances or messages from ATC to the pilot. Presenting spatial information to pilots via text only requires pilots to perform a mental transformation that can not only slow down the understanding of the messages, but also lead to interpretation errors. Thus, this research addressing presentation methods of ATC information received on the flight deck via DataComm is high priority. The development of human factors recommendations to support human factors specialists in the FAA Aircraft Certification Service and Flight Standards Services is one of the major contributions of this research (Appendix 1). After a review of the existing literature on the subject, a series of human-in-the-loop (HITL) experiments were conducted to evaluate pilot performance using text clearances and hybrid graphic and text clearances for uplink messages (UMs) to the flight deck and downlink messages (DMs) to ATC. The results of the studies conducted are provided in Vol 2 of this final report. That volume provides the details of the methods, results and discussion of each study.
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