United States Department of Transportation
i
DataComm – Display Alternatives for the Flight Deck: Overview and Human Factors Recommendations Volume 2: Experiment Details
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2013-02-28
[PDF-3.26 MB]
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Edition:Final Report
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Abstract:As DataComm is a key enabling technology that significantly affects human performance, human factors experts have anticipated potential implementation challenges (Cardosi, Lennertz and Donahoe (2010). One significant issue is that DataComm equipment may not be integrated with flight management systems (FMS). The crew will be required to read the DataComm messages, interpret them, make decisions with respect to the flight, and then make the appropriate FMS input. There will be challenges for the flight crew even when DataComm and FMS flight deck systems are fully integrated. Current aircraft systems that have incorporated datalink to some extent have utilized text to provide clearances or messages from ATC to the pilot. Presenting spatial information to pilots via text only requires pilots to perform a mental transformation that can not only slow down the understanding of the messages, but also lead to interpretation errors. Thus, this research addressing presentation methods of ATC information received on the flight deck via DataComm is high priority. Volume 1 includes findings and recommendations for the flight deck user interface. Volume 2 describes the results of the studies and details the methods, results and discussion of each study. Experiment I investigated pilot performance using text uplink messages (UMs) concatenated into clearances versus a hybrid of graphics and text when evaluating ATC clearances. The results indicated that overall as the number of elements in a clearance increased the time required to interpret the clearance increased and errors increased. Hybrid conditions with graphics and text improved performance when there were 3 or more elements in a clearance. The results also indicated improvements in the number of correct responses when graphics are included. Experiments II and III evaluated pilot performance for responding to clearances and creation of downlink messages to ATC using two interfaces. Pilots were able to create requests more quickly and with greater accuracy when using the graphic-based drag and drop interface that automatically updated the text DM.
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