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Edition:Final Report, 6/1/2015 – 10/31/2017
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Abstract:A series of shake table tests of a 1/9 scale shallow tunnel was performed to assess: i) overall peak dynamic response of the soilstructure system associated with different backfill conditions and thickness of overburden soil, and ii) seismic demands in terms of resultant lateral earth pressure force. The test model response was interpreted in full-scale dimensions representative of the idealized cross section of the Doyle Drive Battery Tunnel in San Francisco, CA. In the cases studied, seismic demand in terms of racking and wall bending moment increased as thickness of overburden soil increased. This trend was influenced as well by the relative stiffness between the tunnel and the surrounding soil. Overall, the tunnel lateral deformation was an outcome of the relative difference between the resultant force and its point of action on both sides of the tunnel. Finally, the test results in both model and prototype scale were compared to those estimated using a practice-oriented FHWA step-by-step procedure. In general, the FHWA procedure produced reasonable estimates for relatively lower levels of soil shear strain (i.e., cases of Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) of up to about 0.6g). For higher levels of shaking, conservatism in the FHWA estimate was noted, particularly for cases with shallow overburden soil.
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