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A hierarchical typology of intermodal air-rail connections at large airports in the United States.

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    In July 2005, the United States Government Accountability Office (GAO) issued a report discussing ; intermodal transportation strategies in developing airport intermodal capabilities (USGAO 2005). In this ; report, the GAO identified those airports that had a direct rail or bus connection, to either nationwide or ; local systems, among the largest 72 US airports. GAO found 13 airports directly connected to ; nationwide rail (the Amtrak system), and 27 airports directly connected to local or regional rail systems ; (see Figure 1). The GAO “considered a direct connection to consist of a transfer point (such as a bus ; stop or rail station) that is accessible from airport terminals either by walking, an automated people ; mover, or direct shuttle” (USGAO 2005, p. 7). ; Unfortunately, the GAO definition of a “direct” intermodal connection did not distinguish among ; numerous important characteristics that define the quality of an intermodal air-rail linkage. For ; example, there is a huge difference between service provided at an on-airport rail station that is ; accessible by walking as opposed to having to take a shuttle to an off-airport rail station. There are ; differences in the type and length of shuttle services between airports and rail stations. Likewise, rail service at an airport that connects to a national rail system is different from service that is only local or ; regional. Also, airport rail service that is more frequent and connected to a large rail system is much ; different from rail service that is infrequent and may only feature one line of service with limited ; connectivity. All of these factors must be considered when assessing the quality of air-rail connections.
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    urn:sha-512:5eef9fbe4fdfac7d5849f5ca3c9cbf0fdc1d062ccce8b683cfd2af251c2eac85a3f667e151ef12551f15afbff437f8e2028a2790244302ee82bea52887973978
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