United States Department of Transportation
i
Integration of Fixed and Flexible Route Public Transportation Systems, Phase II
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2012-01-01
[PDF-382.89 KB]
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Edition:Final.
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Abstract:Conventional bus service (with fixed routes and schedules) has lower average cost than flexible bus service (with
demand-responsive routes) at high demand densities. At low demand densities flexible bus service has lower
average costs and provides user-friendly door-to-door service. Bus size is interrelated with service type since large
buses have lower average cost per passenger than small buses at high demand densities, and vice versa. The
service type and vehicle size decisions are jointly optimized here for a bus transit system connecting a major
terminal to local regions. Bus sizes, conventional route spacing and flexible service area are the decision variables in
a proposed algorithm which optimizes a multi-dimensional nonlinear integer optimization problem. Numerical analysis
shows how the proposed Variable Mode & Multiple Fleets Operation can reduce total cost compared to a Single Fleet
& Single Mode operation. The sensitivity of results to important parameters is explored.
Additional details on the problem and its formulation, the solution methods employed, and the results obtained are
provided in the following report. This report has been submitted for publication by a transportation journal under the
title “Mixed-Fleet Variable-Type Bus Operation” and is currently under review.
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