United States Department of Transportation
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Edition:Final report
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Abstract:Collection devices for saliva and breath that involved non-invasive techniques for sample collection were evaluated. Having subjects simply spit into a specially prepared glass vial was found to be an efficient, inexpensive and simple way to collect saliva. The device for trapping drugs in breath was efficient, but limited to laboratory use. Procedures for the extraction and analysis of secobarbital, amphetamine, chlorpromazine, diazepam, diphenhydramine and codeine from plasma and saliva were developed or validated. Procedures for the analysis of the two drugs (secobarbital and amphetamine) from those listed above that were deemed most likely to be excreted in breath were also developed. Validation of these procedures was accomplished from samples obtained following administration of single doses of the drugs in the therapeutic or subtherapeutic range to young adult male volunteers. No measurable quantities of drugs were found in most breath samples following administration of secobarbital or amphetamine. Correlations between concentrations in plasma and saliva of secobarbital, diazepam, diphenhydramine, and codeine were sufficiently good to permit the use of saliva samples for survey purposes, but not sufficiently precise to permit the evidential use of the results from a single sample, although calculation of approximate plasma concentrations of secobarbital from single saliva samples taken more than 0.5 hr after drug administration was possible. The use of the concentration of a drug in saliva to determine its concentration in plasma at some earlier time is not possible. /Abstract from report summary page/
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