United States Department of Transportation
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Edition:Final Report; Sept. 1977 - June 1981
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Abstract:Collection devices for saliva and breath that involved non-invasive
techniques for sample collection were evaluated. Having subjects simply
spit into a specially prepared glass vial was found to be an efficient,
inexpensive and simple way to collect saliva. The device for trapping
drugs in breath was efficient, but limited to laboratory use.
Procedures for the extraction and analysis of secobarbital, amphetamine,
chlorpromazine, diazepam, diphenhydramine and codeine from plasma and saliva
were developed or validated. Procedures for the analysis of the two drugs
(secobarbital and amphetamine) from those listed above that were deemed
most likely to be excreted in breath were also developed.
Validation of these procedures was accomplished from samples obtained
following administration of single doses of the drugs in the therapeutic
or subtherapeutic range to young adult male volunteers. No measurable quantities of drugs were found in most breath samples following administration of secobarbital or amphetamine. Correlations between concentrations in plasma and saliva of secobarbital, diazepam,
diphenhydramine and codeine were sufficiently good to permit the use of
saliva samples for survey purposes, but not sufficiently precise to permit
the evidential use of the results from a single sample, although calculation
of approximate plasma concentrations of secobarbital from single saliva samples
taken >0.5 hr after drug administration was possible. The use of the
concentration of a drug in saliva to determine its concentration in plasma at some earlier time is not possible.
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