U.S. flag An official website of the United States government.
Official websites use .gov

A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS

A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

US Transportation Collection

rosaP Repository & Open Science Access Portal

The US Transportation Collection consists of documents from across all transportation modes with specific focus on research reports from US DOT, state DOTs, and other transportation organizations. Bookmark this collection: https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/collection_ust or https://doi.org/10.21949/1530857.

(474)
(754)
(798)
(737)
(950)
(1093)
(1094)
(1107)
(1370)
(1600)
(1324)
(1364)
(1344)
(1452)
(1365)
(1306)
(1396)
(999)
(688)
(645)
(607)
(557)
(664)
(701)
(876)
(845)
(744)
(812)
(919)
(689)
(580)
(390)
(271)
(270)
(228)
(183)
(172)
(173)
(146)
(199)
(198)
(197)
(192)
(220)
(203)
(171)
(230)
(212)
(155)
(164)
(185)
(146)
(116)
(150)
(171)
(105)
(88)
(78)
(81)
(96)
(59)
(65)
(84)
(33)
(13)
(5)
(10)
(3)
(7)
(6)
(6)
(3)
(6)
(3)
(5)
(3)
(3)
(7)
(7)
(6)
(3)
(1)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(2)
(21)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
0 of 109
(29)
(26)
(27)
(36)
(34)
(13)
(11)
(19)
(46)
(13)
(15)
(22)
(99)
(11)
(38)
(16)
(17)
(16)
(11)
(13)
(20)
(12)
(17)
(31)
(11)
(12)
(20)
(21)
(48)
(11)
(23)
(20)
(12)
(38)
(12)
(11)
(11)
(14)
(33)
(18)
(31)
(11)
(27)
(25)
(14)
(18)
(13)
(29)
(11)
(15)
(14)
(13)
(24)
(33)
(15)
(14)
(16)
(14)
(17)
(14)
(12)
(11)
(12)
(34)
(16)
(20)
(18)
(17)
(24)
(23)
(27)
(13)
(17)
(27)
(36)
(29)
(49)
(76)
(16)
(21)
(12)
(11)
(94)
(12)
(15)
(13)
(14)
(12)
(17)
(11)
(17)
(11)
(16)
(12)
(15)
(17)
(12)
(12)
(15)
(19)
(15)
(11)
(39)
(25)
(11)
(16)
(11)
(26)
(49)
(21)
(12)
(23)
(14)
(63)
(42)
(25)
(12)
(20)
(34)
(21)
(13)
(21)
(40)
(14)
(12)
(12)
(11)
(20)
(11)
(23)
(11)
(14)
(13)
(15)
(12)
(24)
(20)
(57)
(11)
(31)
(11)
(18)
(13)
(19)
(15)
(15)
(13)
(22)
(11)
(11)
(25)
(13)
(19)
(11)
(12)
(11)
(14)
(15)
(15)
(18)
(15)
(23)
(12)
(30)
(29)
(20)
(19)
(16)
(55)
(11)
(19)
(18)
(30)
(16)
(11)
(78)
(21)
(14)
(18)
(24)
(36)
(22)
(12)
(13)
(38)
(15)
(14)
(13)
(16)
(13)
(18)
(14)
(18)
(19)
(14)
(20)
(13)
(13)
(11)
(12)
(22)
(22)
(37)
(13)
(11)
(16)
(12)
(16)
(11)
(11)
(18)
(30)
(12)
(18)
(11)
(22)
(14)
(22)
(15)
(16)
(15)
(34)
(25)
(14)
(19)
(14)
(14)
(11)
(20)
(15)
(23)
(61)
(12)
(40)
(12)
(13)
(28)
(11)
(13)
(27)
(39)
(22)
(16)
(16)
(18)
(14)
(39)
(14)
(13)
(18)
(15)
(14)
(13)
(30)
(11)
(19)
(35)
(37)
(56)
(15)
(14)
(107)
(26)
(12)
(11)
(19)
(15)
(15)
(30)
(25)
(25)
(19)
(11)
(12)
(18)
(11)
(21)
(15)
(36)
(11)
(18)
(14)
(67)
(32)
(16)
(15)
(22)
(16)
(11)
(31)
(13)
(14)
(12)
(13)
(25)
(11)
(20)
(11)
(19)
(12)
(11)
(11)
(11)
(19)
(27)
(15)
(46)
(15)
(24)
(13)
(15)
(11)
(11)
(25)
(13)
(38)
(22)
(13)
(23)
(26)
(31)
(18)
(13)
(14)
(28)
(15)
(22)
(22)
(18)
(12)
(15)
(13)
(14)
(23)
(15)
(14)
(23)
(15)
(24)
(20)
(13)
(13)
(11)
(67)
(11)
(21)
(11)
(15)
(31)
(11)
(11)
(11)
(15)
(19)
(28)
(14)
(13)
(18)
(11)
(17)
(27)
(39)
(16)
(15)
(12)
(14)
(16)
(32)
(19)
(28)
(19)
(14)
(52)
(12)
(20)
(13)
(16)
(11)
(36)
(14)
(40)
(15)
(14)
(38)
(16)
(12)
(17)
(16)
(35)
(26)
(26)
(18)
(21)
(26)
(33)
(21)
(21)
(22)
(21)
(40)
(15)
(53)
(16)
(27)
(12)
(14)
(21)
(37)
(23)
(14)
(33)
(15)
(45)
(23)
(14)
(17)
(12)
(41)
(14)
(12)
(15)
(13)
(20)
(24)
(30)
(18)
(20)
(18)
(13)
(24)
(21)
(14)
(26)
(22)
(23)
(14)
(14)
(23)
(15)
(12)
(17)
(24)
(12)
(12)
(25)
(28)
(12)
(36)
(21)
(13)
(40)
(31)
(12)
(13)
(12)
(15)
(14)
(22)
(31)
(30)
(20)
(21)
(14)
(22)
(35)
(15)
(13)
(31)
(12)
(60)
(13)
(13)
(12)
(40)
(25)
(36)
(21)
(12)
(13)
(18)
(18)
(15)
(18)
(17)
(13)
(14)
(14)
(28)
(61)
(21)
(17)
(12)
(12)
(13)
(12)
(23)
(13)
(14)
(12)
(14)
(14)
(17)
(25)
(15)
(18)
(12)
(16)
(14)
(14)
(23)
(12)
(14)
(55)
(20)
(12)
(12)
(18)
(21)
(15)
(15)
(13)
(31)
(16)
(34)
(14)
(33)
(20)
(17)
(14)
(16)
(28)
(14)
(12)
(12)
(13)
(18)
(64)
(16)
(52)
(21)
(23)
(12)
(13)
(17)
(30)
(17)
(19)
(20)
(16)
(27)
(17)
(12)
(46)
(17)
(28)
(14)
(21)
(12)
(12)
(17)
(13)
(15)
(66)
(36)
(18)
(39)
(56)
(16)
(22)
(15)
(25)
(12)
(17)
(22)
(17)
(18)
(39)
(23)
(14)
(29)
(19)
(14)
(17)
(19)
(21)
(20)
(15)
(27)
(18)
(56)
(28)
(37)
(12)
(30)
(16)
(21)
(13)
(19)
(34)
(14)
(12)
(15)
(12)
(19)
(17)
(23)
(16)
(17)
(50)
(23)
(20)
(26)
(14)
(12)
(14)
(30)
(16)
(20)
(13)
(15)
(19)
(15)
(28)
(14)
(20)
(14)
(33)
(12)
(15)
(14)
(22)
(27)
(18)
(12)
(15)
(12)
(16)
(12)
(15)
(76)
(17)
(16)
(13)
(19)
(14)
(27)
(17)
(20)
(26)
(18)
(12)
(14)
(23)
(20)
(33)
(18)
(13)
(12)
(18)
(20)
(16)
(53)
(33)
(15)
(16)
(75)
(44)
(20)
(12)
(12)
(33)
(12)
(54)
(23)
(14)
(22)
(14)
(40)
(13)
(13)
(12)
(20)
(23)
(16)
(43)
(56)
(12)
(61)
(12)
(19)
(13)
(16)
(13)
(47)
(17)
(26)
(13)
(15)
(18)
(16)
(12)
(13)
(20)
(13)
(28)
(24)
(14)
(12)
(16)
(13)
(18)
(38)
(16)
(12)
(24)
(23)
(19)
(25)
(22)
(12)
(12)
(12)
(13)
(23)
(22)
(16)
(74)
(40)
(13)
(13)
(18)
(19)
(13)
(18)
(26)
(14)
(22)
(14)
(12)
(17)
(14)
(18)
(31)
(14)
(42)
(13)
(12)
(22)
(19)
(15)
(19)
(68)
(31)
(15)
(26)
(28)
(17)
(12)
(23)
(16)
(18)
(22)
(19)
(37)
(50)
(47)
(13)
(18)
(13)
(19)
(12)
(17)
(14)
(13)
(14)
(49)
(29)
(14)
(37)
(12)
(153)
(14)
(18)
(68)
(27)
(14)
(15)
(14)
(26)
(13)
(13)
(17)
(12)
(17)
(23)
(12)
(19)
(29)
(12)
(22)
(45)
(14)
(74)
(15)
(16)
(12)
(24)
(13)
(16)
(30)
(22)
(12)
(17)
(12)
(27)
(15)
(30)
(14)
(30)
(15)
(20)
(12)
(12)
(51)
(16)
(17)
(13)
(25)
(13)
(20)
(12)
(13)
(12)
(13)
(14)
(49)
(38)
(22)
(17)
(27)
(16)
(13)
(18)
(20)
(57)
(14)
(12)
(31)
(14)
(22)
(14)
(15)
(16)
(13)
(12)
(18)
(18)
(33)
(22)
(38)
(18)
(19)
(13)
(15)
(33)
(23)
(27)
(22)
(22)
(12)
(19)
(19)
(22)
(24)
(18)
(20)
(13)
(31)
(13)
(17)
(23)
(20)
(37)
(16)
(29)
(20)
(26)
(12)
(66)
(18)
(26)
(63)
(29)
(12)
(16)
(16)
(18)
(12)
(14)
(12)
(27)
(15)
(23)
(19)
(13)
(17)
(17)
(12)
(63)
(31)
(18)
(38)
(13)
(15)
(24)
(13)
(28)
(13)
(33)
(21)
(26)
(12)
(15)
(23)
(15)
(16)
(16)
(16)
(20)
(13)
(15)
(18)
(24)
(13)
(25)
(12)
(24)
(14)
(28)
(28)
(14)
(17)
(35)
(33)
(35)
(13)
(13)
(12)
(12)
(24)
(16)
(14)
(19)
(13)
(14)
(27)
(17)
(18)
(47)
(27)
(18)
(15)
(20)
(13)
(18)
(16)
(16)
(12)
(12)
(30)
(12)
(20)
(13)
(25)
(39)
(17)
(20)
(13)
(13)
(13)
(13)
(27)
(15)
(17)
(13)
(18)
(45)
(12)
(35)
(70)
(17)
(15)
(18)
(17)
(22)
(16)
(15)
(19)
(26)
(23)
0 of 1000
(1)
(2)
(74)
(8)
(242)
(1594)
(8)
(204)
(30)
(10)
(24)
(9)
(1)
(6)
(158)
(2)
(16)
(475)
(56)
(18)
(33)
(2)
(4)
(199)
(326)
(1)
(159)
(224)
(25)
(261)
(2632)
(300)
(28228)
(1)
(63)
(44)
(8)
0 of 37
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(14)
(8)
(9)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(10)
(3)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(6)
(8)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(7)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(5)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(5)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(8)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(6)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(6)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(4)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(2)
(5)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(6)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(16)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(7)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(31)
(3)
(2)
(22)
(2)
(12)
(12)
(9)
(16)
(4)
(3)
(4)
(4)
(3)
(6)
(11)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(22)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(3)
(4)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(22)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(5)
(3)
(2)
(16)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(10)
(2)
(2)
(5)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(7)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(10)
(3)
(3)
(7)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(7)
(5)
(5)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(5)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(4)
(3)
(2)
(9)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(5)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(5)
(3)
(4)
(2)
(3)
(5)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(9)
(5)
(3)
(5)
(2)
(3)
(5)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(7)
(4)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(4)
(3)
(5)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(7)
(4)
(3)
(7)
(10)
(3)
(9)
(5)
(12)
(5)
(6)
(3)
(20)
(7)
(46)
(16)
(27)
(40)
(46)
(7)
(65)
(15)
(4)
(17)
(46)
(5)
(4)
(9)
(8)
(39)
(13)
(7)
(15)
(54)
(6)
(25)
(14)
(31)
(6)
(11)
(23)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(3)
(3)
(5)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(7)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(5)
(7)
(11)
(5)
(7)
(6)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(10)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(6)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(6)
(2)
(2)
(111)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(4)
(4)
(5)
(5)
(6)
(6)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(6)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(5)
(4)
(9)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(4)
(3)
(5)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(5)
(3)
(4)
(3)
(9)
(3)
(11)
(5)
(3)
(6)
(7)
(4)
(3)
(3)
(5)
(4)
(11)
(5)
(4)
(4)
(3)
(5)
(4)
(3)
(3)
(6)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(5)
(3)
(3)
(4)
(3)
(4)
(4)
(3)
(3)
(5)
(7)
(3)
(7)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(4)
(4)
(23)
(6)
(3)
(3)
(7)
(16)
(12)
(3)
(5)
(3)
(7)
(4)
(6)
(3)
(5)
(3)
(4)
(4)
(12)
(9)
(8)
(3)
(8)
(4)
(3)
(4)
(3)
(3)
(4)
(3)
(3)
(5)
(3)
(4)
(3)
(3)
(45)
(13)
(30)
(5)
(5)
(21)
(3)
(27)
(5)
(5)
(3)
(24)
(160)
(12)
(58)
(45)
(74)
(17)
(3)
(48)
(3)
(49)
(30)
(7)
(32)
(37)
(7)
(29)
(5)
(3)
(5)
(28)
(6)
(24)
(17)
(70)
(6)
(60)
(5)
(16)
(7)
(77)
(7)
(33)
(14)
(26)
(12)
(39)
(3)
(44)
(21)
(29)
(14)
(41)
(7)
(13)
(15)
(4)
(9)
(24)
(12)
(9)
(9)
(4)
(23)
(39)
(3)
(26)
(5)
(4)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(5)
(13)
(11)
(4)
(3)
(3)
(4)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(4)
(3)
(3)
(6)
(4)
(8)
(5)
(3)
(4)
(3)
(8)
(5)
(4)
(6)
(9)
(8)
(9)
(8)
(6)
(6)
(4)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(4)
(3)
(3)
(25)
(4)
(3)
(3)
(4)
(8)
(3)
(5)
(3)
(3)
(5)
(3)
(4)
(4)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(6)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(8)
(10)
(3)
(6)
(9)
(5)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(5)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(8)
(4)
(4)
(3)
(3)
(4)
(3)
(4)
(3)
(4)
(9)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(21)
(3)
(4)
(7)
(5)
(3)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(3)
(8)
(3)
(4)
(19)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(5)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(5)
(3)
(3)
(5)
(3)
(4)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(4)
(11)
(3)
(7)
(20)
(7)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(5)
(3)
(4)
(6)
(6)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(3)
(6)
(4)
(5)
(4)
(6)
(6)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(3)
(3)
(5)
(4)
(12)
(9)
(4)
(3)
(4)
(3)
(12)
(4)
(3)
(3)
(4)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(39)
0 of 1000
(1)
(2)
(68)
(1)
(1)
(70)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(1)
(1)
(22)
(3)
(6)
(1)
(15)
(12)
(13)
(14)
0 of 21
(6)
(10)
(17)
(9)
(14)
(18)
(11)
(12)
(7)
(35)
(6)
(11)
(8)
(14)
(22)
(6)
(84)
(12)
(7)
(12)
(9)
(19)
(10)
(6)
(31)
(13)
(62)
(17)
(22)
(34)
(9)
(6)
(7)
(13)
(35)
(7)
(7)
(20)
(7)
(10)
(8)
(10)
(7)
(6)
(7)
(7)
(69)
(43)
(15)
(9)
(41)
(69)
(9)
(10)
(43)
(16)
(8)
(23)
(11)
(54)
(34)
(13)
(56)
(6)
(6)
(7)
(27)
(9)
(8)
(8)
(10)
(8)
(13)
(6)
(99)
(30)
(9)
(7)
(18)
(15)
(14)
(20)
(9)
(6)
(12)
(10)
(9)
(6)
(34)
(10)
(8)
(6)
(11)
(488)
(62)
(23)
(102)
(22)
(19)
(14)
(6)
(8)
(9)
(23)
(7)
(25)
(29)
(6)
(18)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(7)
(48)
(10)
(13)
(10)
(19)
(42)
(7)
(14)
(7)
(10)
(161)
(7)
(6)
(7)
(14)
(6)
(10)
(11)
(8)
(17)
(9)
(6)
(10)
(29)
(21)
(13)
(10)
(10)
(12)
(7)
(9)
(6)
(39)
(24)
(16)
(27)
(24)
(6)
(22)
(11)
(28)
(9)
(8)
(96)
(39)
(11)
(49)
(6)
(36)
(6)
(9)
(8)
(12)
(9)
(13)
(43)
(6)
(7)
(6)
(116)
(10)
(106)
(12)
(8)
(49)
(9)
(14)
(7)
(6)
(10)
(6)
(13)
(11)
(6)
(12)
(15)
(6)
(22)
(15)
(21)
(6)
(8)
(17)
(57)
(6)
(24)
(239)
(10)
(10)
(8)
(10)
(18)
(6)
(10)
(14)
(8)
(12)
(102)
(6)
(14)
(21)
(10)
(6)
(21)
(12)
(6)
(54)
(90)
(152)
(12)
(23)
(9)
(9)
(234)
(13)
(63)
(14)
(7)
(7)
(12)
(9)
(9)
(106)
(6)
(9)
(41)
(8)
(6)
(56)
(36)
(19)
(7)
(39)
(8)
(24)
(21)
(13)
(114)
(12)
(20)
(9)
(10)
(25)
(7)
(22)
(22)
(7)
(7)
(8)
(7)
(10)
(7)
(7)
(13)
(7)
(18)
(138)
(32)
(68)
(86)
(6)
(45)
(6)
(15)
(18)
(751)
(43)
(13)
(118)
(18)
(12)
(9)
(80)
(7)
(9)
(84)
(7)
(6)
(6)
(15)
(7)
(8)
(20)
(19)
(16)
(7)
(48)
(18)
(6)
(34)
(17)
(14)
(10)
(11)
(51)
(7)
(6)
(11)
(9)
(6)
(125)
(16)
(13)
(14)
(9)
(43)
(197)
(19)
(24)
(8)
(8)
(10)
(14)
(6)
(23)
(10)
(15)
(20)
(24)
(8)
(14)
(7)
(40)
(12)
(16)
(10)
(6)
(6)
(10)
(9)
(65)
(51)
(171)
(31)
(16)
(12)
(10)
(18)
(9)
(35)
(24)
(28)
(7)
(7)
(8)
(25)
(18)
(12)
(10)
(57)
(71)
(13)
(43)
(46)
(8)
(6)
(9)
(18)
(98)
(27)
(106)
(57)
(61)
(8)
(58)
(31)
(8)
(6)
(11)
(61)
(14)
(8)
(11)
(30)
(10)
(35)
(6)
(17)
(6)
(26)
(62)
(9)
(25)
(43)
(20)
(10)
(9)
(6)
(9)
(28)
(12)
(12)
(15)
(19)
(7)
(6)
(23)
(7)
(10)
(7)
(6)
(68)
(15)
(18)
(30)
(25)
(13)
(7)
(29)
(10)
(55)
(9)
(39)
(6)
(8)
(255)
(15)
(7)
(7)
(10)
(10)
(6)
(35)
(17)
(33)
(7)
(24)
(7)
(45)
(11)
(21)
(9)
(6)
(22)
(11)
(41)
(80)
(15)
(14)
(9)
(7)
(7)
(22)
(8)
(61)
(6)
(18)
(33)
(47)
(12)
(49)
(35)
(23)
(11)
(55)
(64)
(184)
(8)
(7)
(13)
(20)
(23)
(70)
(16)
(30)
(18)
(84)
(15)
(15)
(30)
(12)
(9)
(49)
(47)
(17)
(12)
(8)
(6)
(9)
(6)
(9)
(31)
(7)
(14)
(18)
(7)
(7)
(13)
(25)
(8)
(68)
(28)
(50)
(9)
(18)
(8)
(7)
(9)
(44)
(7)
(439)
(8)
(31)
(7)
(6)
(8)
(20)
(7)
(30)
(25)
(16)
(6)
(8)
(7)
(38)
(12)
(102)
(15)
(24)
(37)
(29)
(57)
(18)
(8)
(20)
(10)
(11)
(9)
(7)
(13)
(27)
(8)
(11)
(28)
(19)
(30)
(63)
(25)
(30)
(46)
(40)
(8)
(8)
(10)
(7)
(11)
(8)
(11)
(16)
(9)
(9)
(48)
(30)
(802)
(20)
(9)
(30)
(29)
(67)
(8)
(10)
(22)
(7)
(11)
(18)
(58)
(17)
(7)
(15)
(11)
(66)
(18)
(25)
(547)
(7)
(1404)
(65)
(23)
(8)
(9)
(50)
(7)
(10)
(52)
(9)
(17)
(49)
(7)
(9)
(54)
(9)
(7)
(10)
(9)
(8)
(8)
(7)
(9)
(111)
(122)
(11)
(30)
(18)
(9)
(9)
(19)
(7)
(20)
(8)
(229)
(7)
(139)
(19)
(14)
(26)
(15)
(23)
(7)
(7)
(17)
(17)
(26)
(7)
(34)
(19)
(63)
(290)
(76)
(71)
(35)
(37)
(11)
(8)
(14)
(13)
(49)
(18)
(16)
(114)
(13)
(27)
(9)
(29)
(1021)
(32)
(7)
(37)
(8)
(7)
(30)
(27)
(32)
(8)
(96)
(25)
(8)
(24)
(229)
(24)
(24)
(96)
(31)
(60)
(37)
(34)
(11)
(127)
(20)
(15)
(16)
(17)
(35)
(38)
(17)
(10)
(7)
(12)
(29)
(9)
(27)
(8)
(13)
(11)
(7)
(18)
(19)
(15)
(18)
(14)
(12)
(22)
(10)
(18)
(18)
(7)
(7)
(42)
(14)
(26)
(17)
(24)
(29)
(119)
(17)
(8)
(49)
(7)
(24)
(7)
(23)
(16)
(40)
(29)
(25)
(10)
(21)
(18)
(12)
(48)
(23)
(23)
(26)
(7)
(7)
(27)
(22)
(11)
(10)
(11)
(13)
(9)
(8)
(121)
(13)
(10)
(10)
(171)
(11)
(13)
(20)
(22)
(7)
(11)
(31)
(19)
(9)
(11)
(53)
(9)
(7)
(30)
(33)
(160)
(45)
(12)
(7)
(31)
(7)
(9)
(10)
(26)
(80)
(9)
(10)
(136)
(9)
(24)
(35)
(452)
(15)
(18)
(29)
(70)
(49)
(13)
(82)
(23)
(31)
(20)
(13)
(27)
(8)
(18)
(149)
(24)
(7)
(26)
(8)
(8)
(7)
(20)
(12)
(21)
(8)
(45)
(47)
(19)
(27)
(9)
(7)
(15)
(29)
(69)
(11)
(10)
(12)
(14)
(14)
(80)
(17)
(12)
(71)
(20)
(9)
(7)
(9)
(7)
(7)
(10)
(13)
(14)
(9)
(33)
(11)
(7)
(8)
(14)
(14)
(12)
(20)
(9)
(15)
(8)
(23)
(21)
(14)
(10)
(15)
(25)
(24)
(7)
(11)
(10)
(17)
(10)
(7)
(34)
(45)
(14)
(29)
(9)
(27)
(9)
(15)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(16)
(23)
(15)
(18)
(7)
(11)
(83)
(197)
(62)
(21)
(34)
(38)
(24)
(16)
(9)
(11)
(62)
(20)
(14)
(14)
(105)
(787)
(23)
(38)
(16)
(22)
(19)
(13)
(54)
(12)
(17)
(16)
(26)
(19)
(9)
(17)
(14)
(79)
(16)
(8)
(111)
(37)
(11)
(32)
(11)
(46)
(22)
(11)
(8)
(34)
(11)
(36)
(14)
(9)
(9)
(7)
(17)
(27)
(63)
(14)
(43)
(7)
(48)
(26)
(217)
(9)
(14)
(7)
(13)
(25)
(43)
(10)
(8)
(9)
(7)
(10)
(20)
(8)
(8)
(23)
(12)
(48)
(50)
(33)
(530)
(24)
(50)
(62)
(585)
(184)
(30)
(14)
(9)
(16)
(107)
(82)
(932)
(36)
(35)
(91)
(7)
(21)
(33)
(15)
(8)
(17)
(12)
(7)
(13)
(39)
(16)
(8)
(160)
(9)
(12)
(7)
(10)
(52)
(15)
(12)
(24)
(27)
(8)
(15)
(10)
(8)
(11)
(11)
(22)
(13)
0 of 1000
(5)
(13)
(18)
(8)
(3)
(4)
(2)
(7)
(39)
(17)
(67)
(19)
(26)
(74)
(19)
(9)
(7)
(39)
(12)
(3)
(4)
(4)
(8)
(13)
(2)
(28)
(8)
(4)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(17)
(137)
(14)
(116)
(10)
(13)
(11)
(12)
(5)
(6)
(3)
(10)
(5)
(3)
(6)
(6)
(3)
(2)
(59)
(14)
(2)
(3)
(10)
(13)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(5)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(266)
(23)
(2)
(31)
(14)
(2)
(139)
(7)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(8)
(17)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(8)
(3)
(2)
(11)
(2)
(2)
(8)
(12)
(17)
(2)
(17)
(2)
(10)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(3)
(37)
(4)
(4)
(2)
(3)
(28)
(2)
(4)
(29)
(14)
(790)
(5)
(2)
(4)
(12)
(12)
(6)
(35)
(29)
(3)
(77)
(19)
(16)
(2)
(5)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(5)
(3)
(3)
(47)
(20)
(28)
(66)
(4)
(4)
(5)
(13)
(2)
(2)
(31)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(6)
(7)
(14)
(4)
(6)
(2)
(10)
(22)
(3)
(15)
(2)
(3)
(10)
(33)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(7)
(4)
(3)
(9)
(25)
(8)
(2)
(15)
(166)
(6)
(3)
(106)
(317)
(2)
(94)
(4)
(388)
(2)
(2)
(17)
(10)
(11)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(8)
(14)
(17)
(2)
(3)
(28)
(116)
(62)
(38)
(52)
(7)
(33)
(2)
(14)
(10)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(5)
(3)
(2)
(13)
(6)
(7)
(5)
(12)
(4)
(3)
(3)
(11)
(6)
(5)
(32)
(14)
(3)
(60)
(63)
(18)
(10)
(46)
(19)
(24)
(248)
(8)
(46)
(10)
(34)
(5)
(3)
(3)
(5)
(14)
(13)
(265)
(32)
(5)
(17)
(3)
(39)
(43)
(4)
(4)
(6)
(52)
(8)
(35)
(3)
(74)
(242)
(6)
(30)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(39)
(4)
(8)
(37)
(5)
(268)
(103)
(81)
(46)
(24)
(3)
(18)
(4)
(13)
(7)
(8)
(14)
(3)
(4)
(8)
(7)
(3)
(4)
(18)
(138)
(57)
(14)
(60)
(18)
(6)
(3)
(23)
(4)
(4)
(31)
(7)
(834)
(48)
(16)
(6)
(151)
(8)
(3)
(3)
(14)
(26)
(6)
(94)
(66)
(26)
(9)
(25)
(13)
(6)
(63)
(5)
(3)
(7)
(6)
(87)
(5)
(65)
(46)
(24)
(25)
(40)
(13)
(51)
(20)
(9)
(26)
(24)
(7)
(4)
(11)
(4)
(119)
(24)
(75)
(4)
(11)
(55)
(39)
(3)
(52)
(21)
(38)
(229)
(232)
(35)
(21)
(162)
(10)
(56)
(3)
(3)
(32)
(94)
(31)
(87)
(4)
(14)
(5)
(55)
(155)
(112)
(26)
(18)
(19)
(45)
(7)
(15)
(10)
(42)
(140)
(5)
(3)
(4)
(43)
(60)
(9)
(4)
(22)
(7)
(3)
(152)
(12)
(7)
(5)
(15)
(5)
(9)
(102)
(98)
(7)
(8)
(5)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(4)
(4)
(59)
(100)
(32)
(3)
(78)
(15)
(109)
(102)
(19)
(4)
(12)
(8)
(4)
(26)
(22)
(4)
(9)
(75)
(5)
(70)
(7)
(15)
(8)
(3)
(13)
(30)
(28)
(51)
(4)
(19)
(3)
(3)
(4)
(4)
(90)
(86)
(3)
(52)
(95)
(15)
(59)
(3)
(160)
(3)
(25)
(26)
(19)
(86)
(101)
(26)
(9)
(3)
(35)
(13)
(12)
(22)
(5)
(14)
(6)
(6)
(78)
(5)
(7)
(11)
(59)
(13)
(91)
(7)
(17)
(23)
(59)
(61)
(15)
(9)
(45)
(7)
(8)
(10)
(8)
(9)
(9)
(12)
(3)
(3)
(11)
(22)
(12)
(3)
(4)
(38)
(3)
(56)
(90)
(17)
(191)
(20)
(87)
(66)
(8)
(3)
(46)
(13)
(7)
(10)
(4)
(3)
(11)
(7)
(10)
(69)
(7)
(10)
(8)
(28)
(7)
(7)
(4)
(6)
(63)
(3)
(3)
(11)
(10)
(64)
(3)
(203)
(23)
(39)
(199)
(250)
(35)
(4)
(17)
(4)
(19)
(3)
(21)
(24)
(9)
(4)
(65)
(37)
(4)
(28)
(78)
(16)
(21)
(4)
(4)
(10)
(8)
(22)
(3)
(73)
(52)
(3)
(7)
(15)
(4)
(7)
(6)
(4)
(14)
(43)
(432)
(6)
(6)
(5)
(6)
(4)
(13)
(5)
(9)
(14)
(7)
(4)
(12)
(5)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(7)
(107)
(5)
(88)
(40)
(19)
(18)
(13)
(3)
(32)
(14)
(19)
(4)
(30)
(17)
(109)
(104)
(7)
(10)
(18)
(4)
(77)
(18)
(200)
(4)
(5)
(4)
(35)
(3)
(4)
(3)
(3)
(10)
(3)
(21)
(3)
(129)
(12)
(5)
(282)
(69)
(91)
(9)
(4)
(571)
(12)
(6)
(192)
(5)
(11)
(16)
(12)
(4)
(66)
(22)
(5)
(436)
(1390)
(38)
(3)
(4)
(31)
(10)
(5)
(53)
(9)
(4)
(3)
(17)
(50)
(3)
(10)
(3)
(6)
(128)
(3)
(11)
(4)
(3)
(8)
(4)
(3)
(11)
(3)
(11)
(21)
(17)
(7)
(3)
(21)
(100)
(149)
(9)
(25)
(10)
(36)
(3)
(5)
(20)
(3)
(4)
(3)
(353)
(9)
(346)
(17)
(6)
(3)
(149)
(8)
(24)
(19)
(22)
(5)
(37)
(20)
(9)
(69)
(28)
(5)
(60)
(132)
(3)
(40)
(587)
(12)
(10)
(4)
(52)
(5)
(18)
(3)
(54)
(13)
(36)
(4)
(3)
(18)
(3)
(10)
(34)
(11)
(3)
(5)
(20)
(6)
(9)
(15)
(5)
(6)
(19)
(94)
(29)
(3)
(5)
(18)
(3)
(102)
(3)
(13)
(14)
(26)
(7)
(4)
(3)
(3)
(6)
(905)
(4)
(33)
(3)
(6)
(4)
(3)
(8)
(38)
(10)
(43)
(41)
(8)
(3)
(9)
(3)
(11)
(55)
(26)
(109)
(63)
(19)
(5)
(3)
(96)
(3)
(178)
(8)
(4)
(31)
(145)
(39)
(22)
(88)
(50)
(11)
(9)
(7)
(91)
(5)
(7)
(5)
(3)
(6)
(38)
(73)
(7)
(11)
(4)
(19)
(3)
(5)
(15)
(7)
(6)
(5)
(32)
(15)
(8)
(7)
(12)
(5)
(6)
(8)
(16)
(5)
(7)
(17)
(36)
(3)
(6)
(35)
(5)
(5)
(61)
(3)
(13)
(12)
(4)
(27)
(3)
(5)
(8)
(6)
(4)
(3)
(4)
(7)
(33)
(42)
(5)
(8)
(5)
(13)
(8)
(3)
(9)
(17)
(8)
(11)
(3)
(6)
(13)
(5)
(4)
(3)
(4)
(3)
(455)
(4)
(4)
(3)
(3)
(5)
(11)
(3)
(9)
(13)
(8)
(105)
(5)
(10)
(43)
(11)
(12)
(4)
(42)
(3)
(11)
(9)
(4)
(12)
(3)
(4)
(14)
(4)
(6)
(15)
(9)
(30)
(3)
(10)
(3)
(3)
(8)
(4)
(14)
(14)
(41)
(5)
(12)
(3)
(92)
(4)
(11)
(5)
(3)
(27)
(5)
(4)
(94)
(561)
(28)
(38)
(9)
(10)
(34)
(5)
(9)
(9)
(4)
(9)
(10)
(5)
(99)
(7)
(8)
(3)
(5)
(5)
(4)
(3)
(5)
(135)
(6)
(140)
(111)
(276)
(17)
(25)
(3)
(39)
(13)
(51)
(34)
(128)
(48)
(6)
(9)
(19)
(17)
(43)
(15)
(3)
(11)
(48)
(60)
(3)
(13)
(188)
(1725)
(96)
(21)
(29)
(80)
(3)
(21)
(9)
(3)
(17)
(6)
(7)
(3)
(4)
(4)
(6)
(5)
(36)
(41)
(3)
(16)
(4)
(74)
(88)
(71)
(7)
(16)
(4)
(44)
(59)
(21)
(4)
(100)
(25)
(3)
(10)
0 of 1000
(127)
(63)
(67)
(77)
(95)
(201)
(63)
(168)
(69)
(67)
(169)
(66)
(73)
(124)
(249)
(124)
(163)
(242)
(143)
(161)
(132)
(66)
(405)
(86)
(105)
(78)
(92)
(119)
(103)
(212)
(345)
(65)
(153)
(63)
(214)
(224)
(157)
(201)
(226)
(111)
(230)
(176)
(291)
(63)
(345)
(86)
(179)
(472)
(73)
(300)
(74)
(305)
(190)
(82)
(196)
(70)
(72)
(306)
(248)
(432)
(590)
(61)
(253)
(69)
(215)
(166)
(203)
(189)
(257)
(279)
(105)
(301)
(70)
(207)
(280)
(184)
(143)
(219)
(323)
(612)
(136)
(58)
(690)
(88)
(320)
(63)
(65)
(128)
(73)
(90)
(136)
(73)
(195)
(131)
(76)
(57)
(130)
(63)
(133)
(72)
(339)
(822)
(444)
(74)
(130)
(172)
(71)
(165)
(110)
(1084)
(293)
(103)
(99)
(124)
(76)
(119)
(107)
(171)
(64)
(65)
(174)
(70)
(66)
(324)
(195)
(85)
(74)
(60)
(689)
(67)
(138)
(177)
(70)
(103)
(111)
(85)
(115)
(167)
(70)
(105)
(84)
(59)
(254)
(100)
(63)
(146)
(212)
(199)
(78)
(61)
(102)
(97)
(86)
(111)
(156)
(69)
(167)
(96)
(239)
(193)
(84)
(201)
(549)
(83)
(417)
(63)
(134)
(125)
(591)
(92)
(63)
(211)
(87)
(58)
(91)
(80)
(347)
(503)
(115)
(92)
(245)
(68)
(152)
(90)
(60)
(74)
(72)
(169)
(155)
(134)
(79)
(58)
(354)
(87)
(69)
(454)
(111)
(739)
(298)
(203)
(81)
(620)
(88)
(192)
(96)
(118)
(754)
(301)
(292)
(68)
(96)
(63)
(301)
(92)
(96)
(203)
(92)
(86)
(114)
(62)
(217)
(62)
(96)
(159)
(64)
(559)
(181)
(395)
(1591)
(65)
(181)
(75)
(72)
(64)
(109)
(96)
(440)
(239)
(169)
(149)
(95)
(169)
(68)
(63)
(72)
(174)
(98)
(106)
(146)
(60)
(849)
(91)
(104)
(75)
(77)
(91)
(237)
(135)
(99)
(93)
(60)
(113)
(112)
(118)
(245)
(67)
(85)
(80)
(379)
(67)
(66)
(165)
(101)
(65)
(122)
(491)
(87)
(82)
(71)
(154)
(67)
(60)
(201)
(61)
(128)
(75)
(67)
(334)
(204)
(198)
(278)
(81)
(72)
(74)
(65)
(257)
(195)
(61)
(118)
(61)
(68)
(169)
(206)
(141)
(70)
(112)
(332)
(87)
(687)
(85)
(103)
(74)
(82)
(180)
(105)
(146)
(59)
(94)
(147)
(1365)
(771)
(218)
(72)
(221)
(60)
(69)
(95)
(119)
(163)
(157)
(1063)
(83)
(198)
(112)
(129)
(68)
(79)
(334)
(79)
(75)
(163)
(63)
(81)
(60)
(148)
(179)
(339)
(953)
(373)
(88)
(442)
(543)
(107)
(72)
(389)
(126)
(68)
(148)
(252)
(64)
(411)
(77)
(103)
(71)
(65)
(82)
(400)
(156)
(74)
(99)
(255)
(494)
(104)
(128)
(98)
(94)
(189)
(94)
(64)
(115)
(503)
(73)
(92)
(123)
(204)
(197)
(86)
(163)
(324)
(67)
(389)
(237)
(93)
(110)
(162)
(169)
(69)
(201)
(648)
(64)
(114)
(167)
(136)
(67)
(81)
(96)
(105)
(82)
(59)
(64)
(137)
(120)
(90)
(104)
(255)
(207)
(143)
(84)
(359)
(350)
(181)
(268)
(2478)
(1405)
(183)
(70)
(114)
(256)
(482)
(192)
(325)
(93)
(310)
(89)
(67)
(78)
(78)
(61)
(65)
(126)
(66)
(79)
(67)
(143)
(62)
(207)
(145)
(64)
(89)
(80)
(194)
(108)
(144)
(62)
(611)
(201)
(88)
(188)
(105)
(132)
(110)
(215)
(93)
(515)
(494)
(154)
(468)
(129)
(128)
(727)
(283)
(73)
(164)
(114)
(67)
(106)
(356)
(159)
(87)
(124)
(122)
(68)
(85)
(70)
(78)
(820)
(96)
(66)
(304)
(165)
(95)
(174)
(63)
(99)
(189)
(77)
(134)
(165)
(220)
(67)
(103)
(72)
(780)
(167)
(75)
(178)
(129)
(324)
(65)
(87)
(62)
(178)
(119)
(127)
(67)
(80)
(112)
(160)
(506)
(296)
(125)
(101)
(91)
(152)
(403)
(129)
(97)
(82)
(91)
(78)
(89)
(379)
(86)
(440)
(181)
(188)
(73)
(65)
(121)
(181)
(77)
(120)
(65)
(98)
(379)
(92)
(121)
(174)
(90)
(113)
(660)
(77)
(136)
(195)
(437)
(189)
(94)
(150)
(203)
(77)
(428)
(113)
(68)
(61)
(312)
(235)
(248)
(73)
(147)
(74)
(77)
(126)
(100)
(61)
(77)
(348)
(83)
(61)
(67)
(96)
(61)
(171)
(404)
(354)
(131)
(111)
(397)
(61)
(119)
(79)
(93)
(93)
(212)
(85)
(81)
(86)
(267)
(571)
(336)
(102)
(155)
(569)
(254)
(1240)
(902)
(203)
(99)
(104)
(265)
(69)
(65)
(295)
(332)
(88)
(107)
(101)
(58)
(477)
(89)
(103)
(129)
(573)
(311)
(66)
(206)
(98)
(63)
(83)
(140)
(78)
(72)
(234)
(154)
(130)
(84)
(339)
(444)
(308)
(83)
(60)
(243)
(78)
(76)
(87)
(128)
(378)
(232)
(85)
(228)
(68)
(77)
(215)
(190)
(65)
(82)
(65)
(61)
(179)
(70)
(109)
(134)
(270)
(92)
(97)
(68)
(151)
(129)
(126)
(1026)
(211)
(83)
(251)
(332)
(62)
(61)
(164)
(112)
(165)
(369)
(170)
(108)
(71)
(264)
(126)
(85)
(72)
(104)
(73)
(93)
(77)
(108)
(281)
(178)
(628)
(70)
(378)
(100)
(93)
(196)
(79)
(217)
(238)
(322)
(202)
(179)
(144)
(121)
(85)
(122)
(195)
(66)
(235)
(217)
(464)
(1141)
(146)
(311)
(92)
(64)
(84)
(111)
(87)
(134)
(110)
(192)
(65)
(191)
(114)
(65)
(174)
(150)
(100)
(309)
(106)
(58)
(462)
(255)
(259)
(94)
(90)
(112)
(119)
(127)
(92)
(91)
(90)
(62)
(72)
(117)
(335)
(362)
(275)
(91)
(96)
(370)
(568)
(67)
(475)
(152)
(79)
(79)
(70)
(198)
(85)
(99)
(136)
(69)
(107)
(89)
(120)
(85)
(85)
(69)
(360)
(399)
(68)
(178)
(65)
(59)
(161)
(62)
(183)
(292)
(94)
(82)
(667)
(139)
(112)
(97)
(113)
(109)
(65)
(141)
(114)
(111)
(99)
(449)
(65)
(234)
(281)
(89)
(136)
(407)
(195)
(96)
(95)
(176)
(140)
(239)
(687)
(71)
(77)
(81)
(74)
(245)
(103)
(407)
(175)
(1039)
(120)
(223)
(155)
(95)
(574)
(69)
(81)
(95)
(64)
(127)
(61)
(89)
(94)
(257)
(83)
(84)
(284)
(68)
(68)
(260)
(67)
(179)
(73)
(185)
(88)
(1221)
(293)
(279)
(60)
(643)
(142)
(62)
(296)
(145)
(94)
(145)
(91)
(197)
(154)
(86)
(66)
(550)
(86)
(348)
(147)
(159)
(78)
(84)
(126)
(65)
(94)
(61)
(60)
(133)
(281)
(72)
(580)
(203)
(61)
(250)
(129)
(896)
(353)
(150)
(99)
(102)
(482)
(111)
(83)
(174)
(124)
(80)
(217)
(100)
(59)
(991)
(65)
(141)
(239)
(132)
(240)
(254)
(202)
(178)
(69)
(269)
(326)
(90)
(127)
(90)
(82)
(511)
(90)
(95)
(124)
(163)
(94)
(74)
(78)
(83)
(1281)
(193)
(269)
(120)
(80)
(333)
(405)
(122)
(78)
(153)
(155)
(409)
(238)
(120)
(98)
(74)
(220)
(69)
(348)
(138)
(107)
(80)
(127)
(74)
(460)
(95)
(130)
(216)
(76)
(63)
(62)
(218)
(143)
(124)
(63)
(67)
(66)
(98)
(63)
(428)
(58)
(100)
(108)
(190)
(65)
(136)
(123)
(64)
(101)
(102)
(87)
(128)
(107)
(78)
(87)
(89)
(117)
(99)
(101)
(58)
(106)
(78)
(115)
(119)
(72)
(162)
(88)
(89)
(255)
(58)
(135)
(140)
(122)
(67)
(271)
(168)
(81)
(147)
(267)
(282)
(247)
0 of 1000
(5)
(5)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(8)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(9)
(6)
(2)
(3)
(6)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(19)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(6)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(4)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(4)
(7)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(6)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(6)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(7)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(5)
(2)
(12)
(2)
(7)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(11)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(10)
(12)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(18)
(2)
(5)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(5)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(4)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(11)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(7)
(2)
(4)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(8)
(3)
(3)
(4)
(3)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(3)
(4)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(5)
(3)
(4)
(4)
(3)
(7)
(5)
(3)
(6)
(7)
(3)
(6)
(3)
(7)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(10)
(8)
(3)
(3)
(5)
(4)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(9)
(9)
(3)
(5)
(3)
(3)
(8)
(3)
(3)
(3)
0 of 1000
Showing 821 - 840 of 35448 results
  • Field Handbook for Maintenance and Preservation Treatments of Concrete Pavements
    Field Handbook for Maintenance and Preservation Treatments of Concrete Pavements
    Mirzahosseini, Mohammadreza ;
    Olek, Jan
    2024-07-01 | PDF
    Information related to maintenance and preservation (M&P) treatments of Portland cement concrete pavement (PCCP) has not been uniformly presented across various Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) maintenance-related documents, including INDOT Standard Specifications and the INDOT Design Manual. Since this data is scattered across differen ...
  • Best Practices for Bridges with Pipe Piles
    Best Practices for Bridges with Pipe Piles
    Huff, Tim ;
    VandenBerge, Daniel
    2024-07-01 | PDF
    Pipe piles are used extensively for bridge substructures in Tennessee. This research serves to develop a systematic approach to the selection and the design of pipe pile-supported substructures, both piers and abutments. Included are both a design manual and design examples, for the design of three pipe pile-supported pile bents: (1) pipe pile bent ...
  • DOT Report to Congress Decarbonizing US Transportation
    DOT Report to Congress: Decarbonizing U.S. Transportation
    United States. Department of Transportation
    2024-07-01 | PDF
    The transportation sector accounts for about one third of U.S. greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, more than any other individual sector of the economy. Decarbonizing transportation is critical to addressing the climate crisis and meeting the national goal of net-zero GHG emissions by 2050 and the interim target of 50-52 percent below 2005 levels by 20 ...
  • DataDriven Approaches for Transit Capital Planning
    Data-Driven Approaches for Transit Capital Planning
    Gonzales, Eric J. ;
    Armstrong, Price
    2024-07-01 | PDF
    Transparent and repeatable processes are needed to forecast needs and prioritize capital investments across 15 Regional Transit Authorities (RTAs) in Massachusetts for the Capital Investment Plan (CIP). The MassDOT Rail and Transit Division (RTD) must allocate scarce capital funding to the RTAs by selecting capital projects for inclusion in the Sta ...
  • Data Acquisition and Processing Using Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Research Summary
    Data Acquisition and Processing Using Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning [Research Summary]
    Loos, Ryan
    2024-07-01 | PDF
    This research provides MoDOT with an opportunity to “kick the tires” with AI and ML and better understand how these powerful technologies can help the agency meet its present and future challenges. This report—and the research activities preceding it—endeavors to equip MoDOT with the necessary knowledge and evaluative framework to effectively asses ...
  • Striping Program Research Summary
    Striping Program [Research Summary]
    Brown, Henry
    2024-07-01 | PDF
    The objective of this research study is to synthesize existing research and DOT practices regarding the use of wider edge line markings on all roads and the use or non-use of pavement markings on low volume roads to facilitate the evaluation of tradeoffs between different pavement marking strategies.
  • Developing a Hazard Detection and Alert System To Prevent Incidents
    Developing a Hazard Detection and Alert System To Prevent Incidents
    Song, Sejun ;
    Kim, Sungyop
    2024-07-01 | PDF
    The proposed project aimed to develop a cost-effective, user-friendly, and reliable hazard detection and alert system to prevent crashes between construction equipment/vehicles and workers on foot in work zones. The envisioned system includes wearable proximity sensors for the workers and an in-vehicle portable detection system for the operators. T ...
  • Developing a Hazard Detection and Alert System To Prevent Incidents Research Summary
    Developing a Hazard Detection and Alert System To Prevent Incidents [Research Summary]
    Song, Sejun
    2024-07-01 | PDF
    In this study, the project team aimed to develop a cost-effective, user-friendly, adaptable, accurate, and reliable bi-directional warning system that leveraged advanced Bluetooth-based device-to-device direct communication (beacon) technologies tailored for work zones. This system incorporated a lightweight wearable proximity sensor, a beacon comm ...
  • Pavement Markings To Support Automated Vehicles Research Summary
    Pavement Markings To Support Automated Vehicles [Research Summary]
    Peterson, Ethan ;
    Pike, Adam
    2024-07-01 | PDF
    Pavement marking style and patterns have largely been designed based on human vision. MnDOT is completing a human factors study on pavement marking variations, A field study included data collected through various methods from test corridors in Minnesota and Texas during daytime and nighttime driving. A closed course at Texas A&M University allowed ...
  • Connected Autonomous Shuttle Supporting Innovation CASSI at UNC Charlotte
    Connected Autonomous Shuttle Supporting Innovation (CASSI) at UNC Charlotte
    Searcy, Sarah ;
    Lape, Doug
    2024-07-01 | PDF
    The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) partnered with the University of North Carolina at Charlotte (UNC Charlotte) and Beep, Inc. (Beep) to bring a novel-design, all-electric, low-speed automated shuttle to UNC Charlotte’s campus for a 23-week pilot through the Connected Autonomous Shuttle Supporting Innovation (CASSI) program. Be ...
  • The Grand Iron Range CAV Initiative History Partnerships and Community Engagement
    The Grand Iron Range CAV Initiative: History, Partnerships, and Community Engagement
    Douma, Frank ;
    Weiner, Evelyn
    2024-07-01 | PDF
    In fall 2022, a first-of-its-kind connected and automated vehicle (CAV) pilot program called goMARTI (Minnesota’s Autonomous Rural Transit Initiative) was launched as a collaborative effort between numerous partners. The 18-month pilot offers free, on-demand rides to area residents and visitors using five autonomous shuttle vans (including three wh ...
  • Assessing the Flood Reduction Benefits of OnRoad Structures
    Assessing the Flood Reduction Benefits of On-Road Structures
    Weber, Larry ;
    Arenas Amado, Antonio
    2024-07-01 | PDF
    Conventional culverts are mainly designed to transport water underneath roadways with minimal headwater buildup, resulting in low to moderate peak flow attenuation. On-road structures (ORS) offer an alternative by using the roadway embankment as a dam, restricting flow into the culvert to provide flood storage during large precipitation events. In ...
  • Assessing the Flood Reduction Benefits of OnRoad Structures Tech Transfer Summary
    Assessing the Flood Reduction Benefits of On-Road Structures [Tech Transfer Summary]
    Weber, Larry ;
    Arenas Amado, Antonio
    2024-07-01 | PDF
    Iowa lacks a detailed statewide geospatial database identifying which existing culverts are suitable candidates for conversion to ORS. Additionally, a HUC12-scale assessment of the potential for peak flow reductions offered by a system of ORS has not yet been conducted. To address these gaps, this project integrated geographic information system (G ...
  • Impacts of Autonomous TruckMounted Attenuator ATMA on INDOT Work Zone Safety Mobility and Worker Productivity
    Impacts of Autonomous Truck-Mounted Attenuator (ATMA) on INDOT Work Zone Safety, Mobility, and Worker Productivity
    Tian, Chi ;
    Feng, Yiheng
    2024-07-01 | PDF
    Work zone safety has been a major concern for many stakeholders, including the state Departments of Transportation (DOTs). To prevent DOT workers, especially truck mounted attenuator (TMA) drivers, from injuries, the Autonomous Truck Mounted Attenuator (ATMA) technology was developed. To understand the current testing and deployment status of ATMA, ...
  • Fatigue Strength and Ductility of Steel Plates with Holes Made from Plasma Cutting Methods
    Fatigue Strength and Ductility of Steel Plates with Holes Made from Plasma Cutting Methods
    Ebert, Aurora ;
    Connor, Robert J.
    2024-07-01 | PDF
    A literature review was conducted to evaluate current standards and existing research around the use of plasma arc cutting for holes (PACH) in the context of steel bridge applications. Additionally, an investigation into the state of the practice was conducted to determine if the latest technological advancements and equipment capabilities for plas ...
  • Developing QualityControlled Datasets and Methods to Assess the Impact of Rain on Snow Events on Nevada Highways
    Developing Quality-Controlled Datasets and Methods to Assess the Impact of Rain on Snow Events on Nevada Highways
    Heggli, Anne ;
    Bean, Brennan
    2024-07-01 | PDF
    The most damaging effects of rain-on-snow (ROS) events are often the result of excess water flows disrupting downstream infrastructure. While rain on snow events have been well studied in previous literature, there exists little research that quantifies the impact of ROS events on infrastructure. This report outlines efforts to explore the influenc ...
  • New Brunswick Innovation Hub Smart Mobility Testing Ground SMTG Technical Brief
    New Brunswick Innovation Hub Smart Mobility Testing Ground (SMTG) [Technical Brief]
    Maher, Ali ;
    Jafari, Mohsen
    2024-07-01 | PDF
    This project instrumented 12 roadside locations along the Route 27 and Route 18 corridors to provide complete coverage of the 2.1-mile testing ground with self-driving grade sensing, computing, and physical and virtual C-V2X technologies. The DataCity testing ground created a living laboratory environment to promote the research, development, and t ...
  • Development of a Salt Spreader Controller Program Using MachineSensed Roadway Weather Parameters
    Development of a Salt Spreader Controller Program Using Machine-Sensed Roadway Weather Parameters
    Ai, Chengbo ;
    Tessier, Russell
    2024-07-01 | PDF
    Massachusetts owns over 300 and contracts 1,200 additional material spreaders that deliver salt, salt, sand mixtures, or liquid deicers to more than 15,000 lane miles of roadways during winter seasons. It is critical to efficiently and effectively deliver the materials so that the impacts of winter storms on road operations are minimized while the ...
  • Evaluation of LowQuality Recycled Concrete Pavement Aggregates for Subgrade Soil Stabilization
    Evaluation of Low-Quality Recycled Concrete Pavement Aggregates for Subgrade Soil Stabilization
    Tavakol, Massoumeh ;
    Kulesza, Stacey
    2024-07-01 | PDF
    Recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) is the byproduct of the demolition of concrete structures and pavements. The use of RCA to replace quarried aggregates in paving projects is one way to utilize these materials and alleviate concerns regarding this increasing waste stream. In this study, a low-plasticity clay in Kansas was stabilized using RCA and t ...
  • Evaluation of LowQuality Recycled Concrete Pavement Aggregates for Portland CementTreated Base
    Evaluation of Low-Quality Recycled Concrete Pavement Aggregates for Portland Cement-Treated Base
    Daily, Koby ;
    Jones, Christopher
    2024-07-01 | PDF
    The Kansas Department of Transportation (KDOT) has begun to explore the incorporation of recycled concrete aggregates (RCAs) into portland cement-treated base (PCTB). KDOT currently employs a freeze-thaw method that includes 90 days of curing and 660 freeze-thaw cycles to determine the durability of concrete mixtures for pavements and stabilized ba ...
821 - 840 / 35448