United States Department of Transportation
i
Literature Review: Packaging Technique to Defeat Fires and Explosions due to Lithium-ion and Related High- Energy-Density Batteries
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2020-03-01
[PDF-8.71 MB]
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Abstract:A literature review is made with respect to the fire and explosion hazard of lithium ion batteries. The history and operation of these batteries is discussed. Particular attention is given to the phenomenon of thermal runaway in the batteries. Its mechanisms are examined and its causes are discussed. A general discussion of the uses and accident nature associated with batteries is presented. This ranges from appliances to transportation occurrences. The means to measure the energy and gases given off due to thermal runaway and its ability to propagate through an array of batteries is described. Data on the energy and gases is presented for various batteries and states of charge. This information is critical for the design of save packaging to mitigate the fire and explosion hazard of the batteries. Packaging techniques under development or available are described. Future work will examine the design and performance of packaging techniques.
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