United States Department of Transportation
i
Crash Safety Considerations for Speed-Limited ADS Shuttles
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2024-08-01
[PDF-22.53 MB]
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Edition:Final Report, September 2020 – July 2021
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Abstract:This report and the research in it explore important crash safety aspects when shuttles equipped with Automated Driving Systems and of different mass and size are struck by light passenger vehicles (LPVs) at various speeds in crossing the centerline frontal, crossing path side, and rear impact configurations. ADS shuttles with gross vehicle weight ratings ranging from 3,000 lbs to 26,000 lbs, and LPV impact speeds from 25 to 40 mph were examined. Lower ADS shuttle mass and higher LPV impact speeds correlated with higher structural ADS shuttle and occupant load crash severity. Qualitative differences in ADS shuttle passenger kinematics and quantitative changes in occupant loads were evaluated for (1) belted and unbelted occupants; (2) traditional vehicle seats and generic bench seats; (3) seated postures and standees; (4) different energy absorbing ADS shuttle interior characteristics; (5) differences in initial distance from the shuttle bus interiors; (6) compartmentalization aspects; (7) stationary versus moving ADS shuttles; (8) automatic emergency braking scenarios; and (8) traditional seat belt and unconventional restraints.
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