United States Department of Transportation
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Reducing Flammability for Bakken Crude Oil for Train Transport – Phase V
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2023-06-23
[PDF-1.60 MB]
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Alternative Title:Reducing Flammability for Bakken Crude Oil for Train Transport Final Yearly Report – Phase V
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Corporate Contributors:University of Nebraska. Mid-America Transportation Center ; United States. Department of Transportation. University Transportation Centers (UTC) Program ; United States. Department of Transportation. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology ; United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Highway Administration
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Edition:Final report (Jan 2022-Dec 2022)
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Abstract:Crude oil shipping by rail is a critical component of our energy security and has grown steadily with the Bakken oil boom. However, existing rail infrastructure is in a state of disrepair which is evidenced by several high-profile derailments of trains carrying crude oil resulting in large oil spills in recent years. This is an especially dangerous situation in the case of Bakken crude, which is of a light variety and contains significant amounts of easy to evaporate, easy to ignite, light ends, and crashes usually result in oil ignition and an intense fireball. Previous research done by Professor Albert Ratner’s research group under MATC-DOT sponsorship has concluded that polymeric additives improve fire safety in diesel fuels and its blends by delaying ignition, promoting flame extinction, and suppressing splashing. There is a strong indication that the same will be true for crude oil as well. Efforts through the completion of this grant in December 31, 2022 included modification of the oil with a new class of additive, carbon dots. Of particular interest was the prospect of mixed additives (polymers and carbon dot nanomaterials) as the fire limiting agents. Through detailed testing and analysis, combustion characteristics were established for blended surrogate fuels which will aid future modeling of crude oils combustion. Also, the stability/settling characteristics were investigated with crude surrogate and bio-compatible carbon dots. This work has resulted in several published manuscripts and will help in the modeling of crude oil combustion and how to modify these properties to make crude oil transport safer.
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