United States Department of Transportation
i
Characterization of Asphalt Binders Exposed to Extreme Temperatures through Simple and Effective Test Methods
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2018-11-01
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[PDF-8.47 MB]
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Edition:Final, March 2014 – May 2018
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Abstract:In the Arkansas State University (ASU) study, Superpave and Multiple Stress Creep and Recovery (MSCR) tests were performed to evaluate viscoelastic properties of selected asphalt binders approved in Arkansas and Texas. A total of 65 binder samples were tested in the laboratory. Of these, eight were unmodified binders, 24 were polymer-modified binders (PMBs), 27 were warm mix asphalt (WMA)-additive modified, and 6 were reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) modified binders. The non-recoverable compliance and MSCR percent recovery data of the tested binders were analyzed for grading and establishing the MSCR percent recovery criteria for local service temperature and traffic conditions. The developed guidelines are expected to be helpful for transportation agencies in Arkansas and Texas to adopt the MSCR test method in their quality control process. In the University of Oklahoma (OU) study, the polymer-modified binders were found to meet the Superpave® specifications and exhibited satisfactory rutting and fatigue resistance. The high- and low-temperature performance grade (PG) grades of the RAP binder blends were observed to increase with an increase in the RAP binder content. From the MSCR test results, the minimum %Recovery requirement based on the Jnr criteria suggested in American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) TP 70 was found to be appropriate for differentiating polymer-modified binders from non-polymer modified binders. Also, the addition of a higher stress level, such as 10 kPa to the MSCR test method, was found to help understand the nonlinear viscoelastic behavior of the polymer-modified binders. Furthermore, the Jnr value decreased and MSCR grades increased with an increase in the amount of RAP binder, which indicated an improved resistance to rutting for the RAP binder blends. The rutting and moisture susceptibilities of the asphalt mixes with high RAP content were found to be satisfactory from Hamburg Wheel Tracking (HWT) tests. A comparison of the Superpave®, MSCR and HWT test results is also presented in this report. In the Louisiana Tech University (LTU) study, the extensional deformation behavior of PG binders 58-28, PG 64-22, and PG 76-22 and its parameters including geometry and temperature were investigated through an extensional rheological approach using a Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR)-based Sentmanat Extensional Rheometer (SER). A test method and a sample preparation procedure for asphalt binders were developed as a replacement to the conventional force ductility test. With a more reproducible, significantly less material and time consuming, and with a more mechanistic approach, the developed novel test method can help improve the durability of modified asphalt pavements.
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