United States Department of Transportation
i
Error Modeling and Analysis for Travel Time Data Obtained from Bluetooth MAC Address Matching
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2011-02-01
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[PDF-2.56 MB]
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Abstract:Travel time data had been very difficult to collect until recently. Current attempts at exploiting short-range communication protocols that rely on unique identifiers, primarily Bluetooth, have significantly simplified the travel time collection task. Many transportation agencies are now considering using Bluetooth travel time estimates to feed a variety of applications, such as user information systems. As Bluetooth-based travel time data collection increases in popularity, investigating the errors that are characteristic of this detection type becomes more important. A Bluetooth sensor is developed for travel time data collection in this study to facilitate testing system configurations and allow for future deployments. Three types of antennae and three different sensor arrangements are tested to determine the effects of these variables on travel time error. The collected travel time data is compared to license plate reader data, which, due to its relatively small detection zone for vehicle license plate recognition, are taken as the ground truth travel time. A regression model was used to investigate if travel time error can be predicted with observable explanatory variables. Descriptive statistical analysis was also employed to evaluate impacts of individual variables on the travel time error. The results suggest that a combination of sensors is desirable, despite the potential loss of accuracy, as the higher matching rates obtained by the system will improve sample size and reduce random error rates. Findings of this study are helpful to transportation professionals attempting to understand the errors associated with the Bluetooth-based travel time data collection technology and configure the sensors to mitigate the errors.
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