United States Department of Transportation
i
Adsorption Air-Conditioning for Containerships and Vehicles [2004]
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2004-08-05
[PDF-2.41 MB]
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Abstract:An investigation is undertaken into the feasibility of meeting the cooling needs for commercial tractor-trailer refrigeration and transit bus air conditioning (A/C) by utilizing their own exhaust heat to drive an adsorption refrigeration system. An experimental vapor compression A/C system utilizing adsorption compression was refurbished and operated at CSULB to verify previously reported coefficient of performance (COP) and specific cooling power (SCP) values and to gain knowledge, experience, and insight into product design issues. Industry reported cooling requirements for tractor-trailers and buses, the heat available from these vehicles’ exhaust gases, and the experimental systems COP and SCP were reported and used as benchmarks to establish system requirements and design concepts for a novel system proposal. Design options were considered in relation to these benchmark values and evaluated based upon their packaging volume, weight, and their relative energy input requirements. The use of refrigerants R717 (ammonia) and R134a were explored and potential sorbent bed designs were extrapolated for each. The expected reduction in emissions and fuel consumption from conventional refrigeration systems is discussed with respect to implementing the new adsorption compressor design. The heat energy available from a large diesel engine’s exhaust was found to be adequate to support an R717 adsorption system with reasonable size requirements and adequate cooling capacity to meet industry needs. In conclusion, design recommendations for an adsorption compressor cooling system applied to the transit industry are discussed. Utilizing R717 (ammonia) provides the best packaging design and satisfies the high end of typical cooling capacity requirements. An R134A systems performance is such that its overall size and heat rate required limit the systems practical cooling capacity to the realm of 30,000 to 60,000 BTU/hr. Potential for an R134A system to support the larger cooling requirements (60 to 120 kBTU/hr) are discussed utilizing a more complicated design layout.
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