United States Department of Transportation
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Automated Driving Systems’ Communication of Intent with Shared Road Users
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2021-11-01
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[PDF-4.49 MB]
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Edition:Final Report
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Abstract:This project explored shared road users’ potential needs for information about Automated Driving Systems’ (ADS) intent and developed preliminary laboratory testing procedures for assessing external human-machine interface (eHMI) designs for communicating the intent of ADS-equipped vehicles. In Study 1, researchers interviewed driving instructors to determine the most important visual and auditory cues predicting driver actions in specific traffic scenarios. In Study 2, drivers, pedestrians, and bicyclists participated in field studies on public roadways while verbally commenting about the actions and anticipated actions of nearby vehicles. Study 3 introduced a preliminary laboratory method to assess prototype eHMI designs. All trials used a single unsignalized crosswalk, only one approaching vehicle, and no other pedestrians present. Results show that participants generally recognized that an eHMI indicated the vehicle was self-driving, and if the vehicle yielded, participants indicated that they perceived the vehicle had recognized their presence, even before the meanings of the interfaces had been explained to them. Results showed that the preliminary lab method showed promise in potentially differentiating between different eHMIs for the single specific scenario involving a relatively simple crosswalk case; however, the generalizability of findings is not claimed.
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