Highways and Wealth Distribution: A Geospatial Analysis
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2020-11-01
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Edition:Final Report
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Abstract:The objectives of this report are to (1) evaluate how the implementation of Interstate 84 (I-84) in Hartford, Connecticut impacted real estate values over the 20-30 year period spanning from the planning stages through the opening of the highway; (2) demonstrate visually how this wealth creation for homeowners varied in the city of Hartford, Connecticut; and (3) explore how the distribution of housing wealth changes related to the highway construction may have been equitable or inequitable. To accomplish these objectives, several tasks have been undertaken. Data have been collected on real estate values in 1940 (before the development of the interstate highway plans) and matched with assessed values for each property in the 1960’s (after the opening of the I-84 in Hartford). These data have been geocoded, and maps developed that demonstrate how the appreciation in property values (i.e., “wealth”) have varied across the city of Hartford. Also, regression analysis has been conducted, estimating how appreciation in real estate values have been affected by proximity to the highway. From a policy perspective, these findings could be supportive in planning and policy for how (i.e., elevated, at grade-level, or underground) and where to reconfigure I-84 as a result of the need to revamp the highway due to age-related deterioration. It also is intended to lay the foundation for future research using similar techniques that can address these issues for other U.S. cities where interstate highways have been built.
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