Factors Contributing to the Decrease in Traffic Fatality Rates for Young People in America
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2017-09-20
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TRIS Online Accession Number:01701621
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Edition:Year 25 Final Report
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Abstract:Claiming over one million lives a year around the world, road traffic fatality is a major global public health concern (WHO, 2013). For this reason, several international institutions including the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the World Bank, and the World Health Organization (WHO) closely track road fatality trends in individual countries. Over the last four decades, road fatalities in almost all developed countries have decreased. This decrease is attributable to many factors including improvements in vehicle technology, emergency response technologies and medical treatment; and more stringent enforcement of road safety regulations (Ahangari, Outlaw, Atkinson-Palombo, & Garrick, 2014; Hakim, Shefer, Hakkert, & Hocherman, 1991; Noland, 2003; Page, 2001). However, considerable variation exists in both the rate of improvement and the absolute values of road traffic fatality across different countries, even for those with similar levels of development. The US, in particular, has underperformed most of its peers. Figure 1 shows that the average annual improvement in road traffic fatality in the US over the last four decades was just over 2%. This rate of improvement is less than half of that achieved by the best performing countries—Germany and the Netherlands— both of whom improved at annual rates of just over 4.5%. Prior research into the underperformance in the US has examined the potential role of latent factors such as safety culture, infrastructure conditions and safety polices on changes in road fatality levels (Ahangari, Atkinson-Palombo, & Garrick, 2015). However, very little research has examined trends in traffic safety by age cohort, even though the existence of public policies directed towards different age groups suggests that the various age groups should have different rates of improvement.
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