United States Department of Transportation
i
Durable superpave mixes in Kansas.
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2016-05-01
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[PDF-2.85 MB]
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Abstract:Approximately 89% of 11,000 miles of Kansas roads are surfaced with asphalt. Hundreds of thousands of tons
of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) are produced annually in the United States, including in Kansas. This bulk
volume of RAP must be economically managed in order to achieve environmental friendliness. Recycling of RAP
conserves natural resources and reduces landfill usage. However, many agencies have reported that increased RAP
content produces drier hot-mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures than virgin mixtures that are susceptible to premature
cracking.
In this research, laboratory-produced Superpave HMA mixtures containing increased percentages (20, 30, and
40%) of RAP materials from three RAP sources (Shilling Construction Co., Konza Construction Co., and the Kansas
Department of Transportation project, US-73) were studied for cracking performance. Mix designs were produced
using Superpave design criteria for 12.5-mm nominal maximum aggregate size mixture. The static and repetitive
Semicircular Bending (SCB) test, the Texas Overlay Tester test, the dynamic modulus test, and Simplified Viscoelastic
Continuum Damage (S-VECD) tests were performed on laboratory-prepared samples. In general, cracking
performance decreased with increased RAP content. The RAP from the US-73 project performed most consistently
compared to other two sources of RAP. Test results were analyzed using two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA),
proving that mixtures containing 4.5% to 4.9% binder performed the best against cracking. The RAP source was found
to have more effect on cracking propensity than RAP content. Mixtures with RAP content up to 40% performed
satisfactorily. Tukey’s pairwise comparison method was used to compare results from all tests; S-VECD was
determined to be the most appropriate test to evaluate cracking propensity of HMA mixtures.
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