Next generation safety performance monitoring at signalized intersections using connected vehicle technology.
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2014-08-01
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Abstract:Crash-based safety evaluation is often hampered by randomness, lack of timeliness, and rarity of crash
occurrences. This is particularly the case for technology-driven safety improvement projects that are
frequently updated or replaced by newer ones before it is possible to gather adequate crash data for a
reliable and defensible before-after evaluation. Surrogate safety data are commonly used as an alternative
to crash data; however, its current practice is still resource intensive and subject to human errors. The
advent of connected vehicle technology allows vehicles to communicate with each other and infrastructure
wirelessly. This platform also offers the opportunity for automated and continuous tracking of vehicle
trajectories and signal status at the facilities in real time. These types of data can potentially be extracted
and used to detect the deficiencies in the safety performance of the facility operation.
This project examines the viability of long-term monitoring of connected vehicle data for safety
performance evaluation. As limited saturation of onboard equipment (OBE) is expected in the near-term
evolution, the study focuses on a connected vehicle application that can process data elements from OBEs
via vehicle-to-infrastructure communications using standard message sets. To accomplish the objective, a
signalized intersection test bed was created in VISSIM while the wireless communications capability and
the application were implemented using Car-to-Everything Application Programming Interface. The
evaluation results indicated that the application can effectively detect changes in safety performance at full
market penetration. Sensitivity analysis showed that at least 40 percent penetration rate is desirable for
reliable safety deficiency detection under light to moderate traffic volume conditions. The observation
period can be extended to compensate for low sample size under low OBE market penetrations. The
required observation periods vary with the types of safety indicators being collected and the levels of OBE
saturation
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