Steel bridge designs are integrated so that every
;
component contributes to structural integrity,
;
including the concrete bridge deck, which
;
connects to the girders and makes the structure
;
rigid. Until the deck is completed and the
;
concrete is hardened, the structure is vulnerable
;
to collapse and must be stabilized with cross-frames or diaphragms. Many methods are available
;
for designing cross-frames; however, their
;
prediction of cross-frame forces may not agree,
;
leading to different designs.
;
In this project, Florida International University
;
researchers developed procedures, instructions,
;
and recommendations intended to lead to more
;
uniform design of cross-frames. To facilitate
;
using these methods, the researchers limited
;
their efforts to two-dimensional methods of
;
analysis. They considered I-girder bridges of three
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types: straight; straight with skew supports; and
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horizontally curved.
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