Fatal injuries resulting from extreme water impact.

Snyder, Richard G.; Snow, Clyde C.

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Fatal injuries resulting from extreme water impact.

1968-09-01
By Snyder, Richard G. ; Snow, Clyde C.

[PDF-606.80 KB]

English

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Creators:

Snyder, Richard G. ; Snow, Clyde C.

Snyder, Richard G. ; Snow, Clyde C. Less -
Corporate Contributors:

United States. Office of Aviation Medicine
Subject/TRT Terms:

[+]

Abdomen Aircraft Accidents Air Transportation Crashes Autopsies Autopsy Body Weight Bridges Case Studies Central Nervous System Crash Injuries--Research Crash Injury Research Digestive Organs Drowning Fatalities Free Fall Golden Gate Bridge (San Francisco, Calif.) Heart Impact Studies Injuries Internal Organs Musculoskeletal System Nervous System Respiratory Organs Respiratory System Skeletal System Suicide Survival Water Areas Water Masses Weight Wounds And Injuries
Publication/ Report Number:

AM 68-19 ; DOT/FAA/AM-68/19

AM 68-19 ; DOT/FAA/AM-68/19 Less -
Resource Type:

Tech Report
Geographical Coverage:

San Francisco (California)
Corporate Publisher:

Civil Aerospace Medical Institute
Abstract:

Increased overwater flight has resulted in an increase in both military ejections and civil crash landings in water, 78 general aviation water accidents occurring in 1965. The objective of the study was to determine mechanisms of gross trauma in non-penetrating fatal water impact.

The method involved analysis of necropsy data on 169 fatal (52 female, 117 male) jumps from the Golden Gate Bridge. Impact velocities ranged from 106-112 ft/sec (32.31-34. 14 m/sec) and body orientation was mainly transverse or lateral. The most common mechanism of injury was crushing of the thoracic cage with resultant bilateral rib fractures and penetration of the vital organs (85.2 percent). Lung lacerations, ruptured livers, brain injury, and drowning were most frequent. In 17 cases, no skeletal fractures were found. Eight individuals, apparently relatively uninjured by the impact subsequently drowned.

These data reinforce previous work indicating human tolerance in water impact close to 116 ft/sec (33.53 m/sec) velocity, and body orientation is critical. Additional protection in transverse and lateral impact must be considered for increased survivability.
Format:

PDF
Collection(s):

FAA Civil Aerospace Medical Institute US Transportation Collection
Main Document Checksum:

[+]

urn:sha256:ad429c3fb2a0c7b868b22da0eaf3f4a563b9d12b680b22f38f27261bd568c24e
Download URL:

https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/20862/dot_20862_DS1.pdf
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Fatal injuries resulting from extreme water impact.

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