United States Department of Transportation
i
Planning in Air Traffic Control
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2001-12-01
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[PDF-608.55 KB]
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Abstract:An experiment was conducted to examine the planning activities of en route air traffic controllers.
Controllers were placed in the role of planners and verbalized a plan for controlling traffic to a tactician
(another controller) who implemented it. Planning, which is typically tacit, was thereby made explicit by
distributing it across these two individuals. Verbalizations from the planner to the tactician were coded and
summarized. The direction of plan management and the degree of plan systematicity were influenced by
the phase of the planning process and the predictability of the problem/environment. For the morepredictable
problems, planning began with a bottom-up picture building phase followed by a top-down
plan development phase. The less-predictable problems also began as a bottom-up process, but
management of the subsequent phases was characterized by equivalent bottom-up and top-down
contributions. In addition, planning was more systematic for the more-predictable problems. This
understanding of the planning activities of controllers can serve as an antecedent to the development of
computer tools to aid planning.
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