Allen, P. M., Denenbourg, J. L., Sanglier, M., Boon, F., & DePalma, A. (1978). The Dynamics of Urban Evolution: Volume I. Inter-Urban Evolution (Report No. DOT-TSC-RSPA-78-20.I). United States. Dept. of Transportation. Research and Special Programs Administration. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/11268
Allen, P. M., J. L. Denenbourg, M. Sanglier, F. Boon, and A. DePalma. The Dynamics of Urban Evolution: Volume I. Inter-Urban Evolution. Report no. DOT-TSC-RSPA-78-20.I. United States. Dept. of Transportation. Research and Special Programs Administration, 1978. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/11268.
Allen, P. M., et al. The Dynamics of Urban Evolution: Volume I. Inter-Urban Evolution. United States. Dept. of Transportation. Research and Special Programs Administration, 1978, Report no. DOT-TSC-RSPA-78-20.I, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/11268.
The concept of "order by fluctuation," that has appeared recently in physico-chemical and biological systems, is applied to the description of urban growth. It is shown that fluctuations play a vital role in the evolutionary process of urban growth. The evolution of a complex system cannot be known simply by studying deterministic equations describing the system. It is necessary, in addition, to study the effects of fluctuations, or historical accident, which can drive the system to new modes of behavior. Taking account of both the deterministic elements of urban growth and the appearance of innovations at chance locations in an economic region, a transportation-sensitive dynamic model of the evolution of the organization of urban centers was developed.
Allen, P. M., Denenbourg, J. L., Sanglier, M., Boon, F., & DePalma, A. (1978). The Dynamics of Urban Evolution: Volume I. Inter-Urban Evolution (Report No. DOT-TSC-RSPA-78-20.I). United States. Dept. of Transportation. Research and Special Programs Administration. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/11268
Allen, P. M., J. L. Denenbourg, M. Sanglier, F. Boon, and A. DePalma. The Dynamics of Urban Evolution: Volume I. Inter-Urban Evolution. Report no. DOT-TSC-RSPA-78-20.I. United States. Dept. of Transportation. Research and Special Programs Administration, 1978. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/11268.
Allen, P. M., et al. The Dynamics of Urban Evolution: Volume I. Inter-Urban Evolution. United States. Dept. of Transportation. Research and Special Programs Administration, 1978, Report no. DOT-TSC-RSPA-78-20.I, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/11268.
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