Steiner, W., Einstein, H. H., & Azzouz, A. S. (1980). Improved Design of Tunnel Supports: Volume 4 - Tunneling Practices in Austria and Germany (Report No. DOT-TSC-UMTA-80-27.IV;UMTA-MA-06-0100-80-7). United States. Urban Mass Transportation Administration. https://doi.org/10.21949/1526920
Steiner, Walter, Herbert H. Einstein, and Amr S. Azzouz. Improved Design of Tunnel Supports: Volume 4 - Tunneling Practices in Austria and Germany. Report no. DOT-TSC-UMTA-80-27.IV;UMTA-MA-06-0100-80-7. United States. Urban Mass Transportation Administration, 1980. https://doi.org/10.21949/1526920.
Steiner, Walter, et al. Improved Design of Tunnel Supports: Volume 4 - Tunneling Practices in Austria and Germany. United States. Urban Mass Transportation Administration, 1980, Report no. DOT-TSC-UMTA-80-27.IV;UMTA-MA-06-0100-80-7, ROSA P. https://doi.org/10.21949/1526920.
Volume 4 documents and evaluates extensive information gathered on tunnel construction practices in Austria and Germany, identifies differences compared to U.S. practices, and describes new developments. The objective was to assemble all available information about the economic, contractual, and technical aspects of tunneling in these countries. The cost information includes general cost data as well as specific costs for tunnels recently constructed, and discusses the reasons why tunneling there is often more economical and technically innovative than it is in the United States. The contractual information is based on a review of contractual standards and procedures in these countries and contractual arrangements for selected projects. The technical information includes general information on design philosophy and construction procedures, and detailed information on analytical and empirical methods and design aspects. A large number of transmountain tunnels in Austria and subway tunnel sections in Germany were visited, and many discussions were held with owner-authorities, design firms, and contractors.
This report focuses on improvement of design methodologies related to the ground-structure interaction in tunneling. The design methods range from sim
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The purpose of this report is to provide the tunneling profession with improved practical tools in the technical or design area, which provide more ac
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Volume 2 focuses on a particularly complex and often misunderstood aspect of ground-structure interaction, which is ground yielding and loosening, and
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Volume 3 contains the application of the three-dimensional (3-D) finite element program, Automatic Dynamic Incremental Nonlinear Analysis (ADINA), whi
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Volume 5 evaluates empirical methods in tunneling. Empirical methods that avoid the use of an explicit model by relating ground conditions to observed
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Steiner, W., Einstein, H. H., & Azzouz, A. S. (1980). Improved Design of Tunnel Supports: Volume 4 - Tunneling Practices in Austria and Germany (Report No. DOT-TSC-UMTA-80-27.IV;UMTA-MA-06-0100-80-7). United States. Urban Mass Transportation Administration. https://doi.org/10.21949/1526920
Steiner, Walter, Herbert H. Einstein, and Amr S. Azzouz. Improved Design of Tunnel Supports: Volume 4 - Tunneling Practices in Austria and Germany. Report no. DOT-TSC-UMTA-80-27.IV;UMTA-MA-06-0100-80-7. United States. Urban Mass Transportation Administration, 1980. https://doi.org/10.21949/1526920.
Steiner, Walter, et al. Improved Design of Tunnel Supports: Volume 4 - Tunneling Practices in Austria and Germany. United States. Urban Mass Transportation Administration, 1980, Report no. DOT-TSC-UMTA-80-27.IV;UMTA-MA-06-0100-80-7, ROSA P. https://doi.org/10.21949/1526920.
ROSA P serves as an archival repository of USDOT-published products including scientific
findings, journal articles, guidelines, recommendations, or other information authored or co-authored by
USDOT or funded partners. As a repository, ROSA P retains documents in their original published format to
ensure public access to scientific information.
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