United States Department of Transportation
i
Clean Air Program : Design Guidelines for Bus Transit Systems Using Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) as an Alternative Fuel
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1997-03-01
[PDF-4.08 MB]
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Alternative Title:Clean Air Program
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Edition:Final report; Jun 1995-Dec 1996
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Abstract:The use of alternative fuels to power transit buses is steadily increasing. Several fuels, including Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), and Methanol/Ethanol, are already being used. At present, there are no comprehensive facilities guidelines to assist transit agencies contemplating converting from diesel to alternative fuels. This document addresses that need. This guidelines document presents various facility and bus design issues that need to be considered to ensure safe operations when using LNG as the alternative fuel. Fueling facility, garaging facility, maintenance facility requirements and safety practices are indicated. Fuel properties, potential hazards, fuel requirements for specified level of service, applicable codes and standards, ventilation, and electrical classification, among other items, are also discussed. Critical fuel related safety issues in the design of the related systems on the bus are also indicated. A system safety assessment and hazard resolution process is also presented. This approach may be used to select design strategies which are economical, yet ensure a specified level of safety. This report forms part of a series of monographs being published by the U.S. DOT/FTA on the safe use of alternative fuels. Documents similar to this one in content have been published for CNG, LPG, and Methanol/Ethanol.
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