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FAA Fire Safety

rosaP Repository & Open Science Access Portal

FAA, Fire Safety. This collection contains reports and resources from the Federal Aviation Administration’s Fire Safety Branch research program. Bookmark this collection: https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/collection_fire_safety.

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Showing 41 - 60 of 218 results
  • Accuracy of the Heat Release Rate Measured in Microscale Combustion Calorimetry
    Accuracy of the Heat Release Rate Measured in Microscale Combustion Calorimetry
    Guo, Haiqing ;
    Lyon, Richard E.
    2017-07-01 | PDF
    The ASTM standard method for measuring heats of combustion of plastics in microscale combustion calorimetry by the oxygen consumption principle uses only the volumetric flow rate and O2 volume fraction exiting a premixed combustor in the calculation. The carbon dioxide (CO2) generated by complete combustion replaces some or all of the O2 consumed f ...
  • Research into Fire Smoke or Fumes Occurrences on Transport Airplanes
    Research into Fire, Smoke or Fumes Occurrences on Transport Airplanes
    R.G.W. Cherry & Associates Limited
    2017-03-01 | PDF
    This study has been carried out at the request of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority (UK CAA) under the provisions of a UK CAA contract. The broad objectives of the study are to collect and analyze data relating to in-service occurrences involving fire, smoke or fumes on US registered aircraft. ...
  • Fire Hazard Analysis for Various Lithium Batteries
    Fire Hazard Analysis for Various Lithium Batteries
    Summer, Steven ;
    Maloney, Thomas
    2017-03-01 | PDF
    Fire tests were conducted on lithium-ion, lithium-pouch, and lithium-metal battery cells of various cathode chemistries and sizes to evaluate their failure effects. First, tests were performed with a single cell in thermal runaway. Next, a thermal runaway propagation test with five cells was conducted. Finally, a vent gas ignition test to determine ...
  • Lithium Battery Thermal Runaway Vent Gas Analysis
    Lithium Battery Thermal Runaway Vent Gas Analysis
    Maloney, Thomas
    2016-11-01 | PDF
    Thermal runaway of lithium-metal and lithium-ion cells has resulted in numerous fires. Often the fires are fueled by the flammable gases that are vented from the batteries during thermal runaway. In addition to those installed on the aircraft, millions of lithium batteries are shipped every year as cargo. A Class C cargo compartment is equipped to ...
  • Impact of Lithium Battery Vent Gas Ignition on Cargo Compartment Fire Protection
    Impact of Lithium Battery Vent Gas Ignition on Cargo Compartment Fire Protection
    Maloney, Thomas
    2016-11-01 | PDF
    One of the dangers of shipping lithium batteries in an aircraft is the risk of thermal runaway propagation, which can cause an uncontrollable fire in the cargo compartment. During thermal runaway, a significant quantity of hydrogen and hydrocarbons may accumulate and ignite in the shipping boxes and the free space within the cargo compartment. This ...
  • Abusive Testing of Proton Exchange Membrane Hydrogen Fuel Cells
    Abusive Testing of Proton Exchange Membrane Hydrogen Fuel Cells
    Summer, Steven M. ;
    Nicholson, Shane
    2016-10-01 | PDF
    In collaboration with Parker Hannifin Corporation, the Fire Safety Branch of the FAA conducted testing to evaluate the effects of three potential failure conditions of hydrogen proton exchange (or polymer electrolyte) membrane fuel cell stacks supplied by Nuvera Fuel Cells. The three conditions examined were a loss of coolant to the stack, short ci ...
  • Impact of Altitude on Vertical Bunsen Burner Testing
    Impact of Altitude on Vertical Bunsen Burner Testing
    Rehn, Steven
    2016-09-01 | PDF
    A series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of altitude on FAA Bunsen burner testing. The standard 12-second vertical Bunsen burner test procedure from the FAA Aircraft Materials Fire Test Handbook was used for all testing, but the ambient air pressure was varied to represent altitudes ranging from sea level to 8000 feet. The first test ...
  • Summary of FAA Studies Related to the Hazards Produced by Lithium Cells in Thermal Runaway in Aircraft Cargo Compartments
    Summary of FAA Studies Related to the Hazards Produced by Lithium Cells in Thermal Runaway in Aircraft Cargo Compartments
    Webster, Harry ;
    Maloney, Thomas
    2016-06-01 | PDF
    This report is a compilation of test data and results from projects conducted by the Fire Safety Branch designed to determine the hazard from and possible hazard mitigation for the bulk shipment of lithium batteries/cells as cargo on transport airplanes. Though the main focus of this report is transport on passenger aircraft (effectiveness of Halon ...
  • Effect of Airflow and Measurement Method on the Heat Release Rate of Aircraft Cabin Materials I the Ohio State University Apparatus
    Effect of Airflow and Measurement Method on the Heat Release Rate of Aircraft Cabin Materials I the Ohio State University Apparatus
    Lyon, Richard E. ;
    Fulmer, Matthew
    2016-04-01 | PDF
    Materials for aircraft cabin interiors must meet the flammability requirements of Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 25.853. The 14 CFR 25.853 requirement includes a test for large-area materials that measures the heat release rate (HRR) during burning using a fire calorimeter originally developed at Ohio State University (OSU). In the ...
  • Energy Release by Rechargeable LithiumIon Batteries in Thermal Runaway
    Energy Release by Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries in Thermal Runaway
    Lyon, Richard E. ;
    Walters, Richard N.
    2016-04-01 | PDF
    The energy released by failure of rechargeable 18-mm diameter by 65-mm long cylindrical (18650) lithium-ion cells/batteries was measured in a bomb calorimeter for four different commercial cathode chemistries over the full range of charge using a method developed for this purpose. Thermal runaway was induced by electrical resistance (Joule) heating ...
  • Thermal Dynamics of Bomb Calorimeters
    Thermal Dynamics of Bomb Calorimeters
    Lyon, Richard E.
    2016-04-01 | PDF
    The validated solution to a two-term heat transfer model of a bomb calorimeter allows direct calculation of the heat released in an arbitrary process from the recorded temperature history without the need to correct for non-adiabatic behavior. The heat transfer coefficients and thermal capacities of the bomb calorimeter used in the heat calculation ...
  • Measuring Energy Release of LithiumIon Battery Failure Using a Bomb Calorimeter
    Measuring Energy Release of Lithium-Ion Battery Failure Using a Bomb Calorimeter
    Walters, Richard N. ;
    Lyon, Richard E.
    2016-03-01 | PDF
    The high energy density of lithium-ion batteries (LIB) makes safe shipment as cargo on commercial aircraft a concern because of the potential for initiating or accelerating a fire. LIB failure caused by overheating, mechanical damage, or manufacturing defects results in rapid thermal energy release (thermal runaway), ejection of the cell contents, ...
  • Passive Protection of Lithium Battery Shipments
    Passive Protection of Lithium Battery Shipments
    Maloney, Thomas ;
    Dadia, Dhaval
    2016-02-01 | PDF
    Changes in the technology and chemistry of voltaic cells have increased the energy density within the cells. The increased energy density and heightened consumer demand for lithium batteries have both contributed to an increased risk of fire and smoke incidents in transport aircraft.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of v ...
  • Review and Assessment of Transport Category Airplane Ditching Standards and Requirements
    Review and Assessment of Transport Category Airplane Ditching Standards and Requirements
    R.G.W. Cherry & Associates Limited
    2015-05-01 | PDF
    Recent accident experience has raised questions as to whether the design and operational standards of large transport category airplanes, pertinent to water related accidents, might be improved to enhance occupant survival. This study has been commissioned by Transport Canada and the UK Civil Aviation Authority (henceforth referred to as the Airwor ...
  • Fire Behavior of ETablets Stored in Aircraft Galley Carts
    Fire Behavior of E-Tablets Stored in Aircraft Galley Carts
    Maloney, Thomas ;
    Tan, Jonathan
    2015-04-01 | PDF
    The use of electronic-tablets (e-tablets) as replacements for conventional in-flight entertainment systems has gained popularity among airlines globally. Innovative methods of storing and charging e-tablets in galley carts have been suggested or are already in service with some airlines.The danger of thermal runaway in the lithium-ion-pouch batteri ...
  • An Investigation of the Vertical Bunsen Burner Test for Flammability of Plastics
    An Investigation of the Vertical Bunsen Burner Test for Flammability of Plastics
    Quintiere, J.G. ;
    Downey, Brian P.
    2012-02-01 | PDF
    A vertical Bunsen burner test for flammability of plastics (UL-94V) was studied in an attempt to relate the upward burning of plastics to their material fire properties. It was shown that the heat release parameter, the critical heat flux for piloted ignition, and the thermal response parameter account for most of the fire behavior of plastics in t ...
  • Intermixing Cells in an Aircraft NickelCadmium Battery
    Intermixing Cells in an Aircraft Nickel-Cadmium Battery
    Summer, Steven M.
    2011-11-01 | PDF
    Tests were performed at the Federal Aviation Administration William J. Hughes Technical Center by the Fire Safety Team of the Airport and Aircraft Research and Development Group to determine if intermixing different manufacturer cells within an aircraft nickel-cadmium battery has an effect on battery performance and if any such effect results in a ...
  • Improvements in Aircraft Fire Safety Derived From FAA Research Over the Last Decade
    Improvements in Aircraft Fire Safety Derived From FAA Research Over the Last Decade
    Sarkos, Constantine
    2011-05-01 | PDF
    This technical note is an overview of Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) fire safety research over the past 10 or more years, with a focus on in-flight fire safety. The technical note emphasizes research accomplishments that have been, or are being, implemented into commercial aviation, as well as other important fire safety research. The resear ...
  • Graphite Oxide Flame Retardants
    Graphite Oxide Flame Retardants
    Higginbotham, Amanda L. ;
    Lomeda, Jay
    2010-03-01 | PDF
    Thermoplastics and composites made from hydrocarbon polymers can improve the affordability, strength-to-weight ratio, and durability of manufactured products. Unfortunately, the use of these materials in aircraft and other vehicles is limited because of their inherent flammability. An alternative, lower-cost strategy is to develop environmentally b ...
  • Prediction of the Burning Rates of Charring Polymers
    Prediction of the Burning Rates of Charring Polymers
    Stoliarov, Stanislav I. ;
    Crowley, Sean
    2010-03-01 | PDF
    The processes that take place in the condensed phase of a burning polymer play an important role in the overall combustion. Quantitative understanding of these processes is critical for prediction of ignition and growth of fires. During the past decade, a significant effort has been made to develop mathematical models of polymer pyrolysis. In the c ...
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