Substantial revenue losses caused by motor fuel tax evasion schemes were discovered in the New York metropolitan area in the mid-1980s. Since that time, motor fuel tax evasion schemes have spread to every region of the country, and many of them are masterminded and controlled by organized crimes. Estimates of losses vary. However, evidence suggests
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An important safety issue on rural, two-lane roads relates to crashes involvingpassing maneuvers, where one vehicle attempts to pass a slower vehicle travelingahead in the same direction. The danger occurs largely from the passing vehicleoccupying the opposing lane of travel, making sufficient passing sight distancecritical in such a passing situat
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This report is the ninth in a series produced for the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) by the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (Volpe Center). This formal comprehensive review of the planning process in the Denver Metropolitan area, was conducted by Federal Highway (FHWA) and Federal Tra
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This report is the seventh in a series produced for the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) by the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (Volpe Center). This formal, comprehensive review of the planning process in the Portland metropolitan area was conducted by Federal Highway Administration (FH
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The FHWA has commissioned this study to determine if there are fleet management needs that can be met through public sector involvement in the development of ITS systems. As part of this examination, this technical memorandum responds to Tasks A, B, and C. It examines how the need for ITS technology to improve fleet management varies with trucking
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This document contains the results from four crash tests conducted at the Federal Outdoor Impact Laboratory (FOIL) located at the Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center in McLean, Virginia. The crash tests involved two reusable bogie vehicles impacting an instrumented rigid pole. Two of the tests used the FOIL bogie vehicle and two tests used the
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Requirements for an effective check-in system for vehicles wishing to enter an Automated Highway System are analyzed in depth. The critical vehicle and driver functions are defined. Several methods for validating each function are proposed and analyzed. Infrastructure facilities are proposed to accomplish these tasks efficiently. This study identif
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This activity analyzes the technical and operational requirements of an AHS in urban and rural environments. The characteristics of urban freeways and rural highways are compared to define common issues and risks and indicate areas of divergence in compatible system implementations. The comparison addresses three major areas: the trade among the go
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This activity evaluates potential automatic-to-manual transition scenarios in terms of relative feasibility, safety, cost, and social implications. The check-out alternatives range from minimal testing of the operator and the vehicle to extensive testing of the operator and vehicle. The vehicle functions analysis presents a summary of functions tha
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The program described by this eight-volume report identified the issues and risks associated with the potential design, development, and operation of an Automated Highway System (AHS), a highway system that utilizes limited access roadways and provides "hands off" driving. The AHS effort was conducted by a team formed and directed by the Calspan Ad
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The California Polytechnic State University (CalPoly) was selected by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) as part of the Partners for Advanced Transit and Highways (PATH) team in the Precursor Systems Analyses (PSA) of the Automated Highway System Program (AHS) to investigate the urban and rural AHS comparison. The project goal was a “high le
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The safety objective for an AHS is to design a driving environment that is collision-free under normal operating conditions. This task requires the identification of the issues involved in achieving a collision-free environment, and the risks associated with failure to meet this objective. Our analysis approach is based on the AHS concept as a majo
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This overview report encompasses all the activity areas of the Precursor Systems Analyses of Automated Highway Systems (AHS). The report presents the operational requirements, high-level architecture, technical requirements, comparative analysis methodologies, and a preliminary identification of issues and risks for all 16 areas of analysis. Repres
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The objective of this activity is to develop a framework for the evaluation of alternative AHS deployment concepts, with respect to life-cycle costs and benefits. This framework is applied to a range of scenarios, to capture benefits and costs on both a highway and national basis. The study uses results of the best available benefits studies, and c
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This study addresses institutional and societal aspects of Automated Highway Systems (AHS) in four areas: impact on State and local governmental agencies, environmental issues, privacy and driver comfort, and vehicle-driver interface. Issues relating to the feasibility and practicality of developing and implementing AHS are discussed and potential
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A framework for the evaluation of benefits and costs of a hypothetical Automated Highway System (AHS) project is established. The support of Federal, State, and local agencies for AHS programs will depend on strong projected economic returns from the AHS. Analysis of a hypothetical AHS project examines the main risk elements as well as the principa
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This activity is performed in order to derive benefits from past experience in the design, implementation, deployment, and operation of comparable systems that could be applied to Automated Highway Systems (AHS). The activity identifies 12 existing systems that share a number of characteristics with AHS. Public interaction, safety, reliability, and
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The issues of automated highway system safety are addressed from a system design standpoint. Four general areas of concern: failure prevention in the areas of vehicle subsystems, infrastructure instrumentation, and roadway mechanics; implementation of complex systems in terms of reliability and redundancy; structured methodologies for supporting sy
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This study considers the roadway operational requirements of an automated highway system (AHS) in light of corresponding operational requirements for existing conventional highways with traffic operations centers (TOC’s). Contrasts and similarities between TOC and AHS operations are identified. Maintenance operations and activities are the focus of
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Present and future designs of automobiles, light duty trucks, and heavy trucks are discussed. The analysis relates these hardware systems to the potential critical components of the Automated Highway System (AHS) vehicle. Communications equipment and electronic control hardware and software are reviewed in detail. Reliability and retrofit issues ar
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