Robartes, E. M. (2025). Night Versus Day Work—Balancing Safety, Operations, and Constructability for Short-Term Operations on Two-Lane Roads (Report No. FHWA/VTRC 26-R11). Virginia. Department of Transportation. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/86597
Robartes, Erin M. Night Versus Day Work—Balancing Safety, Operations, and Constructability for Short-Term Operations on Two-Lane Roads. Report no. FHWA/VTRC 26-R11. Virginia. Department of Transportation, 2025. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/86597.
Robartes, Erin M Night Versus Day Work—Balancing Safety, Operations, and Constructability for Short-Term Operations on Two-Lane Roads. Virginia. Department of Transportation, 2025, Report no. FHWA/VTRC 26-R11, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/86597.
Allowable work hours (AWH), also known as Allowable Closure Hours or Limitations on Operations, for a contract dictate which hours of the day construction and maintenance activities may occur and are known to affect operations, constructability, and safety. Individual districts set AWH for activities—including short-term maintenance, paving projects, construction contracts, and Land Use Permit work by utilities and other permittees—on two-lane roads in Virginia. AWH decisions balance numerous factors, including queue length, delay, crash risks, noise, nighttime constructability, worker safety, and local ordinances, among others. Because AWH are set locally, the process for setting AWH and the resulting AWH for similar roads vary within and between districts.
Robartes, E. M. (2025). Night Versus Day Work—Balancing Safety, Operations, and Constructability for Short-Term Operations on Two-Lane Roads (Report No. FHWA/VTRC 26-R11). Virginia. Department of Transportation. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/86597
Robartes, Erin M. Night Versus Day Work—Balancing Safety, Operations, and Constructability for Short-Term Operations on Two-Lane Roads. Report no. FHWA/VTRC 26-R11. Virginia. Department of Transportation, 2025. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/86597.
Robartes, Erin M Night Versus Day Work—Balancing Safety, Operations, and Constructability for Short-Term Operations on Two-Lane Roads. Virginia. Department of Transportation, 2025, Report no. FHWA/VTRC 26-R11, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/86597.
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