Li-ion Battery Safety under High-Speed Impact: Diagnosis, Prognosis and Risk Mitigation

Details

• Creators:
  Kumar, Jitendra
• Corporate Creators:
  University of Dayton Research Institute (UDRI). Power and Energy Division Solid-State Battery & Integrated Systems Laboratory
• Corporate Contributors:
  United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Aviation Administration. William J. Hughes Technical Center
• Subject/TRT Terms:
  Aircraft Electric Vehicles Energy Storage Devices Finite Element Method Impact Lithium Batteries Power Loss Thermal Properties Voltage Regulators
• Publication/ Report Number:
  DOT/FAA/TC-24/36
• DOI:
  https://doi.org/10.21949/g9er-p705
• Resource Type:
  Tech Report
• Geographical Coverage:
  United States
• Edition:
  Final Report
• Contracting Officer:
  Maloney, Thomas
• Corporate Publisher:
  United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Aviation Administration. William J. Hughes Technical Center
• Abstract:
  Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are critical to the early adoption of electrified small aircraft because they can provide the required energy, power, and cycle life. However, safety is still a concern, especially in dangerous situations like aircraft crashes or operations in harsh conditions. If damaged, the battery can release stored energy fast, leading to a battery fire or thermal runaway (TR). Not much is known in the open literature about LIB behavior, when an electric aircraft powered by LIB crashes into hard surfaces like steel or concrete. This project determined the crash survivability of LIB cells when launched into a rigid steel surface with speeds ranging from 50 to 300 mph. At 300 mph, all pouch cells shattered into pieces whereas cylindrical cells either caught fire or were badly damaged. At 100 mph, all pouch cells caught fire while cylindrical cells flattened and lost voltage. Cells tested at 50 mph survived the impact with slight visible cell deformation. Based on a small data set generated in this project, University of Dayton Research Institute (UDRI) suggests significant additional work is needed, especially on materials that can protect LIB cells at a higher speed (>50 mph).
• Format:
  PDF
• Funding:
  692M15-22-T-00017
• Collection(s):
  FAA Technical Library
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:84876cbe1a4bcde66d864f74f427dd6fa0eab3b9f2a6af8acbfb412f94a57e30648f1067d66120a741327f46cf807639990ae6d9f20be4260ae7a51aab1c36dc
• Download URL:
  https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/85515/dot_85515_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 2.41 MB ]