Coffin, T., & Bendig, C. (2025). Evaluation of FMVSS No. 305a Electric-Powered Vehicles: Water Exposure Safety (Report No. DOT HS 813 722). United States. Department of Transportation. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/84867
Coffin, Tim and Colleen Bendig. Evaluation of FMVSS No. 305a Electric-Powered Vehicles: Water Exposure Safety. Report no. DOT HS 813 722. United States. Department of Transportation. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2025. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/84867.
Coffin, Tim, and Colleen Bendig Evaluation of FMVSS No. 305a Electric-Powered Vehicles: Water Exposure Safety. United States. Department of Transportation. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2025, Report no. DOT HS 813 722, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/84867.
A Notice of Proposed Rulemaking in April 2024 proposed to amend FMVSS No. 305 to include performance requirements and risk mitigation for the rechargeable electrical energy storage system (REESS), and set a level of REES protection against external fault inputs, ensuring REESS operations are within the manufacturer-specified functional range, and increase the likelihood of safe operation of the REESS and other electrical systems during and after water exposure during normal use. To evaluate the proposed test protocols about this water exposure, NHTSA’s Vehicle Research and Test Center selected two Polestar 3 electric vehicles and performed the water exposure test methods as outlined in NPRM section S14.
Coffin, T., & Bendig, C. (2025). Evaluation of FMVSS No. 305a Electric-Powered Vehicles: Water Exposure Safety (Report No. DOT HS 813 722). United States. Department of Transportation. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/84867
Coffin, Tim and Colleen Bendig. Evaluation of FMVSS No. 305a Electric-Powered Vehicles: Water Exposure Safety. Report no. DOT HS 813 722. United States. Department of Transportation. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2025. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/84867.
Coffin, Tim, and Colleen Bendig Evaluation of FMVSS No. 305a Electric-Powered Vehicles: Water Exposure Safety. United States. Department of Transportation. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2025, Report no. DOT HS 813 722, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/84867.
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