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Theoretical Approaches to the Study and Control of Freeway Congestion
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1964-01-01
[PDF-955.22 KB]
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Abstract:The automatic evaluation of freeway traffic flow will be a vital element of any future control system. Research must be directed toward the evaluation of the use of surveillance and sensing equipment, and the simultaneous investigation of those characteristics of traffic flow related to freeway congestion which can be determined and treated by such equipment. Inherent in the problem are the complexities and manifestations of freeway traffic congestion. Traffic inefficiency is reflected in such factors as changes in speed, the frequency of speed changes a low over-all speed, time loss, and driver discomfort. These factors are influenced by such additional variables as traffic demand, traffic composition, lane occupancy, highway geometries and the drivers' desired speeds. Before it can be decided just what level of efficiency is economically feasible, or stated another way, how much congestion should be tolerated during peak periods of congestion must be defined quantitatively in terms of known and measurable parameters of traffic flow theory. In recent years a number of descriptive theories of vehicular traffic have been put forward. These theories are based on mathematical models of two basic types: deterministic and stochastic. Included in the first category are the continuous flow models and individual vehicle models which describe the macroscopic and microscopic properties of the traffic flow phenomena respectively. Included in the second group are the probability distribution hypotheses and queueing theory.
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