Hirsch, T. J., Buth, C. E., Campise, W. L., & Kaderka, D. (1989). Aesthetically Pleasing Concrete Beam and Posts Bridge Rail - Texas Type T411 (Report No. FHWA/TX-89/1185-1). Texas Transportation Institute. Texas A&M University. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/83895
Hirsch, T. J., C. E. Buth, Wanda L. Campise, and D. Kaderka. Aesthetically Pleasing Concrete Beam and Posts Bridge Rail - Texas Type T411. Report no. FHWA/TX-89/1185-1. Texas Transportation Institute. Texas A&M University, 1989. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/83895.
Hirsch, T. J., et al. Aesthetically Pleasing Concrete Beam and Posts Bridge Rail - Texas Type T411. Texas Transportation Institute. Texas A&M University, 1989, Report no. FHWA/TX-89/1185-1, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/83895.
Research has developed railing to withstand impact loads from vehicles of ever-increasing size; however aesthetic considerations have been overshadowed by safety and structural requirements. The objective of this research study was to develop aesthetically pleasing, structurally sound railings that can serve as alternative railings in city or urban areas. This report presents a new open type of concrete bridge rail-Texas Type T411. This bridge rail is constructed of reinforced concrete 32 in. high by 12 in. thick and contains 8 in. wide by 18 in. high openings at 18 in. center-to-center longitudinal spacing. The bridge rail was crash tested and evaluated in accordance with NCHRP Report 230 for Service Level 2. Two crash tests were required--a 4,500 lb. passenger car at 60 mph and 25° impact angle and an 1,800 lb. passenger car at 60 mph and 20° impact angle.
Hirsch, T. J., Buth, C. E., Campise, W. L., & Kaderka, D. (1989). Aesthetically Pleasing Concrete Beam and Posts Bridge Rail - Texas Type T411 (Report No. FHWA/TX-89/1185-1). Texas Transportation Institute. Texas A&M University. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/83895
Hirsch, T. J., C. E. Buth, Wanda L. Campise, and D. Kaderka. Aesthetically Pleasing Concrete Beam and Posts Bridge Rail - Texas Type T411. Report no. FHWA/TX-89/1185-1. Texas Transportation Institute. Texas A&M University, 1989. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/83895.
Hirsch, T. J., et al. Aesthetically Pleasing Concrete Beam and Posts Bridge Rail - Texas Type T411. Texas Transportation Institute. Texas A&M University, 1989, Report no. FHWA/TX-89/1185-1, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/83895.
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