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Efficacy, Costs, and Impacts of Non-Chloride Deicers: An Educational Primer and Product Information Sheets
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2023-09-01
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[PDF-10.48 MB]
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Edition:Final Report [March 2022 – September 2023]
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Abstract:The objective of this project was to synthesize available information on non-chloride deicers to allow for a more comprehensive understanding by winter roadway maintenance professionals and allow for easy comparisons between products and with sodium chloride (as salt brine or rock salt). This was accomplished through a literature search that summarized research on non-chloride deicing products and identified 46 non-chloride deicing products, summarized research on applications of various heated pavement technologies, and summarized research on anti-icing and anti-bonding/water-repellent surface treatments. Two surveys of state and local transportation agencies and vendors and manufacturers of non-chloride deicing products were conducted, respectively. The survey of state and local transportation agencies identified non-chloride products used. An evaluation of the Clear Roads Qualified Products List (QPL) Specification Document and other standards and testing requirements was conducted, which suggests that a wealth of data is collected and available for review of non-chloride deicing products. A deeper evaluation of BOD, COD, nitrogen, phosphorus, cyanide, toxicity, and corrosion is provided, because these are of particular interest when considering non-chloride deicers. Subsequently, we developed educational primers, or two-page fact sheets, for key categories of non-chloride deicers – acetates, formates, glycols, and ag-based that serve as high-level overviews of information on non-chloride deicers that can be used to make informed decision when comparing products to sodium chloride as rock salt or salt brine. This work found non-chloride deicers to be a viable option in winter roadway maintenance operations and many transportation agencies across the country are successfully using these products.
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