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Optimized Aggregate Gradations for Concrete Mixture Designs
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2025-01-01
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[PDF-5.63 MB]
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Edition:Final Report August 2022 - January 2025
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Abstract:Tennessee does not currently have procedures or specification requirements that fully support the use of optimized gradations in concrete mixtures. This research project focused on optimizing aggregate gradation for concrete mixtures used by the Tennessee Department of Transportation (TDOT), aiming to improve concrete durability, economy, and sustainability. Beginning with a comprehensive literature review and industry survey, the project explored various Optimized Aggregate Gradation (OAG) methods and current practices. The study then investigated concrete mixtures using materials representative of Tennessee's geological diversity, employing Portland-limestone cement, Class F fly ash, and various aggregate types. Optimization techniques included the Tarantula Curve method and the Coarseness Factor Chart method. The research designed concrete mixtures for TDOT Class A and Class D/DS, incorporating systematic cementitious material reductions and various aggregate combinations. Results showed that optimized mixtures generally exhibited improved performance characteristics, including higher compressive strengths, better freeze-thaw durability, and enhanced resistance to chloride ion penetration. Even with a 20% reduction in cementitious material, optimized mixtures maintained acceptable performance levels. Key recommendations include updating TDOT specifications to incorporate OAG techniques, adjusting minimum cementitious material content requirements, and introducing new quality control measures. The study also suggested considering SAM number and surface resistivity as specification requirements for freeze-thaw durability and chloride penetration resistance, respectively. This research provides valuable insights for improving concrete quality and sustainability in Tennessee's construction industry, demonstrating the potential benefits of using optimized concrete mixtures while highlighting the importance of considering various factors when designing concrete mixtures for specific applications.
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