Phase II - Reducing Portland Cement Content and Improving Concrete Durability
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2021-04-01
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Edition:5/16/19 – 4/30/21
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Abstract:This study evaluated the effects of (1) reducing the cementitious paste volume (CPV) and (2) the use of optimized aggregate gradation (OAG) technique on Florida Class II, Class II - Bridge Deck, Class IV, and Class V concretes using portland limestone cement (PLC). The main findings from this study are as follows. (1) PLC concrete can provide similar properties as the concrete using ordinary portland cement. (2) The pH values of fresh concrete are not affected by reducing the CPV if the concrete has sufficient CPV. (3) The temperature of hydration in concrete can be reduced by reducing the CPV. (4) The strength of the concrete is affected mainly by the ratio of water to cementitious materials (w/cm). Increasing the CPV of concrete cannot increase the strength of the concrete. (5) Average surface resistivity (SR) and rapid chloride permeability test (RCPT) results showed that the electrical resistance of the concrete is lower when the concrete had a higher CPV. This indicates that a concrete with a higher CPV could have higher permeability, which reduces the durability of the concrete. (6) The drying shrinkage of concrete is increased with higher CPV. (7) When OAG technique is applied to the concrete, the workability of the fresh concrete could be improved. (8) Using a concrete with reduced CPV could result in not only improved concrete durability, but also reduced material cost and less environmental impact in terms of reduced emission of carbon dioxide. Based on the results of this study, the minimum CPVs of Florida Class II, Class II - Bridge Deck, Class IV, and Class V concretes were determined to be 22.5%, 25.0%, 25.0%, and 27.5%, respectively. A mix design method using minimum CPV and OAG for Florida concrete was developed and recommended for use.
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