Effects of Vehicle Automation and Cooperative Driving Messaging on Driver Behavior When Passing a Bicyclist on a Shared Roadway
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2024-12-01
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Edition:Final Technical Report
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Abstract:Automated vehicle (AV) functionality depends on perceiving and understanding the surrounding roadway environment and infrastructure elements. SAE International® Level 2™ driving automation systems use sensors to perceive the environment and maintain a set headway with lead vehicles while remaining centered in the lane (SAE International, 2020). Although drivers of vehicles at low levels of automation are required to remain engaged in the driving task, a mismatch in comprehension of the roadway environment between the AV and driver may introduce safety risks for drivers and other road users. Vehicle-to-infrastructure communication using cooperative driving automation (CDA) technology may mitigate some of these risks by aligning driver expectation and the future behavior of the driving automation system. This study explores how Level 2 driving automation influences the passing behaviors of drivers when approaching a bicyclist after a dedicated bicycle lane ends, and whether CDA communication supports safer passing behavior. In a simulated driving experiment, the infrastructure transmitted a message about a roadway configuration change from dedicated lanes to shared-use lanes. Level 2 vehicle drivers approached and passed a bicyclist in the shared-use lanes with lane centering and adaptive cruise control engaged. The research team manipulated the level of automation and connectivity of the participant’s vehicle across groups. The team used driving performance and visual attention to assess the impact of vehicle automation and CDA messages. The study found that Level 2 vehicle drivers took over vehicle control more often on shared-lane roadways than on dedicated-lane roadways; CDA messages had a greater impact on conventional and Level 2 vehicle drivers’ passing behaviors on shared-lane roadways compared with dedicated-lane roadways; Level 2 vehicle drivers receiving CDA messages had fewer moderate and abrupt rate lateral position changes than those not receiving CDA messages; and conventional and Level 2 vehicle drivers receiving CDA messages gazed longer on the bicycle when on shared-lane roadways.
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