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Engineering Design Procedures and Standard Drawings for Highway Construction Sediment Basins
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2024-05-01
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[PDF-5.29 MB]
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Edition:May 2022 – July 2024
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Abstract:Stormwater discharges from highway construction that disturb soil greater than five acres are permitted by the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation (TDEC) where runoff sediment must be controlled meeting General Permit (TNR100000) requirements including development and submittal of a Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP). Within a SWPPP many Erosion Prevention and Stormwater Control (EPSC) devices can be used to control runoff sediment from entering a receiving stream. One EPSC that is not often used is the sediment basin for various reasons including unfamiliarity with design criteria and concern over meeting TDEC performance requirements. Phase I of the project developed general guidelines for sediment basin design based on catchment drainage area, land slope, and soil type. This study as Phase II evaluated the Phase I guidelines. Phase I design guidance for sediment basins were found to adequately to achieve 80% removal of runoff sediment for a 24-hour, 25-year return frequency storm. Research also found that particle size distribution of runoff sediment substantially determines basin performance, thus the sizing of a sediment basin therefore it needs to be incorporated into the design protocols. A design tool was created to accomplish this basin design need. A second object of this research investigated sediment basin performance on a pilot-scale test basin to compare the TDOT standard basin design and one with a rock check dam, and the TDEC standard design with a forebay. The TDOT standard design with a rock check dam at the basin inlet approach area performs similarly to the TDEC standard design with a forebay, where both basin designs achieved greater than 95% removal of sediment in stormwater runoff. The RUSLE2 model computed sediment yields and PSD (sand, silt, and clay fractions) necessary for sizing sediment basins. Further monitoring data expanding on this research would be valuable.
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